Oral lesions in HIV positive AIDS adolescents perinatally infected undergoing HAART

Abstract

Objective: To assess the prevalence of the oral lesions related to HIV-infection (HIV-OL) in HIV+/AIDS adolescents (=13 years old), and the differences with HIV+/AIDS children (=3 -<13 years old) perinatally infected. Material and methods: 25 HIV+/AIDS adolescents and 62 HIV+/AIDS children, undergoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, were orally examined. HIV-OL was diagnosed in accordance with EC-Clearinghouse-World Health Organization. The patients were classified with respect to their immune status in relation with the CD4+ cell counts as moderately immunodeficient; mildly immunodeficient and severely immunodeficient in accordance to the revised surveillance case definitions for HIV infection among adults, adolescents, and children aged <18 months and for HIV infection and AIDS among children aged 18 months to <13 years (CDC-USA). The virological status was established in relation to the copies of RNA-HIV-1/mL as follows: with undetectable viral load (UDVL); with low viral load and with high viral load. A chi-square test was performed (p<0.05IC95%). Results: The prevalence of HIV-OL in HIV+/AIDS adolescents was 20% while in HIV/AIDS children was 30.6% (p>0.05). Oral candidiasis was the most prevalent oral lesion in both groups. Association (p <0.05) of a high prevalence of HIV-OL and oral candidiasis with a high viral load was observed in both study groups. Conclusions: Adolescents perinatally HIV-infected have a high prevalence of HIV-OL. Oral candidiasis still is the most frequent oral opportunistic infection. Oral lesions could have association to viral failure in HIV+/AIDS adolescents undergoing HAART.

Principais manifestações bucais em pacientes pediátricos HIV positivos e o efeito da terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa

“…The first three variants have been described as the types known to be associated with HIV infection nowadays 11 . Thus, it is possible to affirm that the opportunistic lesion most commonly associated with HIV-infected patients is oral candidiasis and that this finding is fundamental for the early diagnosis of AIDS [1][2][3]10,14,16,18,19 . In addition, this oral manifestation may serve as a marker of disease progression and immunosuppression 2,5,13,15 since its prevalence is related to lower values ofTCD4+ lymphocytes 1 .…”

“…Therefore, it is possible to say that HAART plays a key role in reducing the prevalence of oral manifestations in HIV-positive pediatric patients, contributing substantially to give saidimmunosuppressed patients a better quality of life 11,18 .…”

Association among Vitamin D, Oral Candidiasis, and Calprotectinemia in HIV

“…The introduction of HAART in industrialized countries and in the developing world also resulted in a sharp decline in the prevalence and incidence of most opportunistic oral mucosal lesions (Aguirre et al, 1999). OC remains the most commonly observed oral lesion associated with HIV even in the HAART era, with cohorts reporting a prevalence of OC around the 20% range (Sroussi et al, 2007;Gaitan-Cepeda et al, 2010).…”

Pseudomembranous Candidiasis Indicates High Level Drug Resistance among Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment in Nairobi East District, Kenya

“…The primary goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the suppression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA to undetectable levels and the restoration of immunity including the normalization of CD4 cell numbers and a decrease or disappearance of HIV-associated opportunistic infections [1][2][3][4]. The standard triple-drug regimen is a combination of three classes of ART drugs comprising of two …”