Oral microbial ecology in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health

Kõll-Klais, Piret; Mändar, Reet; Leibur, Edvitar; Mikelsaar, Marika

doi:10.3402/mehd.v17i3.7786

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This antagonistic effect was likely due to the active production of hydrogen peroxide by the latter organisms. These properties are consistent with the observed inverse proportions of oral streptococci relative to gram-negative anaerobes found in dental plaque (99). Thus, the deliberate implantation of specific oral streptococci or the encouragement of their growth in dental plaque can be considered to be a probiotic approach for encouraging the shift from a pathogenic to a nonpathogenic biofilm.…”

Section: Probiotic Approachessupporting

confidence: 70%

Interspecies Interactions within Oral Microbial Communities

Kuramitsu

Lux

et al. 2007

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

507

408

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SUMMARY While reductionism has greatly advanced microbiology in the past 400 years, assembly of smaller pieces just could not explain the whole! Modern microbiologists are learning “system thinking” and “holism.” Such an approach is changing our understanding of microbial physiology and our ability to diagnose/treat microbial infections. This review uses oral microbial communities as a focal point to describe this new trend. With the common name “dental plaque,” oral microbial communities are some of the most complex microbial floras in the human body, consisting of more than 700 different bacterial species. For a very long time, oral microbiologists endeavored to use reductionism to identify the key genes or key pathogens responsible for oral microbial pathogenesis. The limitations of reductionism forced scientists to begin adopting new strategies using emerging concepts such as interspecies interaction, microbial community, biofilms, polymicrobial disease, etc. These new research directions indicate that the whole is much more than the simple sum of its parts, since the interactions between different parts resulted in many new physiological functions which cannot be observed with individual components. This review describes some of these interesting interspecies-interaction scenarios.

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Section: Probiotic Approachessupporting

confidence: 70%

Interspecies Interactions within Oral Microbial Communities

Kuramitsu

Lux

et al. 2007

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

507

408

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“…who found high proportions of these species in healthy individuals, indicating that they help in maintaining a micro-ecological balance in the oral cavity. [17]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Streptococcus mutans in healthy versus gingivitis and chronic periodontitis: A clinico-microbiological study

et al. 2016

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Background:Dental caries and periodontal disease are most common oral diseases. Streptococcus mutans are considered to be the major pathogens in initiation of dental caries. Evidence shows that periodontal disease and caries share a number of contributory factors. Thus in view of these findings it would be worthwhile to examine whether Streptococcus mutans persist within the saliva and subgingival environment of the periodontitis patients and to determine whether there is any association between Streptococcus mutans colonization, pH of saliva and sub-gingival plaque pH in periodontal diseases before therapy.Methods:The study comprises of 75 subjects aged between 20-70 years, reporting to department of Periodontology, KLEs Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore. Subjects were divided into 3 groups of 25 each. Group 1 – Healthy controls, Group 2 – Gingivitis Group, 3 – Chronic periodontitis. Unstimulated saliva was collected in sterile container and immediately pH was evaluated. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from four deepest periodontal pockets in chronic periodontitis and from first molars in healthy subjects using 4 sterile paper points. In gingivitis subjects samples were collected from areas showing maximum signs of inflammation. All paper points and saliva samples were cultured on mitis salivarius agar culture media with bacitracin for quantification of the Streptococcus mutans colonies.Results:Increased colonization of Streptococcus mutans was seen in chronic periodontitis subjects both in saliva and sub-gingival plaque samples. There was also a positive correlation seen with the periodontal parameters.Conclusion:More severe forms of periodontal disease may create different ecological niches for the proliferation of Streptococcus mutans.

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“…Low pH generated from acids challenges the homeostasis in the oral microbial community with a selection towards bacteria that induce caries (4, 15). Lactobacilli , however, may play a role in the maintenance of the microecological balance in the oral cavity (13, 22) and the use of probiotic strains has emerged as an alternative way of combating oral bacterial infections in analogy with other parts of the gastrointestinal tract (17). By definition, probiotics are a live microbial feed supplement that when consumed in adequate amounts beneficially affects the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance as documented in clinical trials (20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%