Oral microbial ecology in chronic periodontitis and periodontal health

Abstract

Our aim was to find out differences between chronic periodontitis (CP) and periodontally healthy subjects with respect to oral lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as well as subgingival microbial relations. Clinical data, salivary levels of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci, and subgingival microbial samples were obtained from 26 CP and 15 periodontally healthy subjects. Antimicrobial activity of LAB against periodontal pathogens was assessed. We found Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans , Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia /nigrescens in 54%, 23% and 73% of CP patients, respectively; the latter was also found in 47% of healthy subjects. The mean proportion of streptococci (27.0 vs 15.2%), particularly S. mutans group (5.7 vs 0.8%) and S. mitis group (18.1 vs 5.0%), as well as aerobic coryneforms (24.7 vs 11.9%) was higher in healthy persons (pB/ 0.05). An inverse relationship of subgingival streptococci and aerobic coryneforms with periodontal pathogens and deteriorated clinical parameters were seen. Salivary counts of mutans streptococci were higher in healthy persons. Inhibition of periodontal pathogens by LAB was observed. In conclusion, the proportions of oral LAB were significantly lower in CP than in healthy subjects, whilst being important antagonists against periodontal pathogens. These oral commensals may play an important role in the suppression of periodontal pathogens and maintenance of microecological balance in the oral cavity.

Efficacy of citric acid on periodontal disease.

“…While in contradiction to this study, the study of Koll-Klais et al [13] who discover high proportions of these strains in healthy subjects, indicating that they could help in maintaining micro-ecological homeostasis in the oral cavity. The variation in results could be attributed to the differences in the sampling technique whether to be saliva (stimulated or unstimulated) or swabs on a subgingival plaque in addition to the diversity of oral biofilm formation.…”

Probiotics and oral healthcare

“…However, Kõll‐Klais et al. (95) noted that periodontal destruction and inflammation is closely associated with decreased levels of certain lactic acid bacteria. Looking more closely, they showed that the composition of Lactobacillus spp.…”

Streptococcus salivarius MS-oral-D6 promotes gingival re-epithelialization in vitro through a secreted serine protease

“…Wounds that fail to proceed through the normal stages of wound repair in a timely and orchestrated manner result in chronic wounds, which are often colonized by bacteria that may contribute to the delayed or incomplete healing process by perpetuating inflammatory responses. This is the case in periodontitis, a bacterial infection characterized by chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissue that ultimately leads to destruction of the connective tissue and subsequent bone and tooth loss 25 , 26 . Prompt re-epithelialization is considered as one of the key parameters for optimal wound repair and prevention of chronic infections 27 .…”