Oral microbiomes: more and more importance in oral cavity and whole body

L, Gao; Xu, Tiansong; Huang, Gang; Jiang, Song; Gu, Yan; Chen, Feng

doi:10.1007/s13238-018-0548-1

Cited by 564 publications

(473 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Emerging evidence indicates that oral microbiomes are tightly related to human health and oral disease, and current molecular methods have enabled us to determine the composition and function of the oral microbiome . In this study, we determined the structure of microbial communities in peri‐implantitis sites before and after treatment using a 16S high‐throughput sequencing technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrosequencing of the subgingival microbiome in peri‐implantitis after non‐surgical mechanical debridement therapy

Nie

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2019

J of Periodontal Research

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Background and Objectives Peri‐implantitis remains a challenge for dental implant therapy, and the prognosis of non‐surgical therapy for peri‐implantitis is unsatisfactory. In order to reveal the impact of non‐surgical mechanical debridement therapy on microbial communities, we investigated the subgingival microbial communities of healthy implants and implants with peri‐implantitis, both before and after the therapy. Material and Methods Subgingival plaques were collected from patients with healthy dental implants (HC; n = 10) and from patients with peri‐implantitis (n = 13) before and after non‐surgical mechanical debridement therapy. The treatment was conducted using curettes for submucosal debridement followed by irrigation with 0.2% (w/v) chlorhexidine, with re‐examination 1 month later. 16S rRNA pyrosequencing was used to analyze the subgingival microbiome, and co‐occurrence networks were adopted to explore the interactions between pathogens in the microbial communities. Results A total of 506 955 high‐quality reads were generated, and 2222 operational taxonomic units were finally detected using a 97% similarity cutoff, with a mean of 249 ± 69 per sample. The peri‐implantitis sites harbored similar microbial communities before and after the treatment, as demonstrated by the microbial diversity, relative abundance, and prevalence of bacteria. Most importantly, the microbial community structures were stable before and after non‐surgical therapy based on the microbial diversity and bacterial composition, as well as the interactions between key pathogens, including Enterobacteriaceae, Selenomonas sputigena, Parvimonas, Eubacterium infirmum, Campylobacter gracilis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium, which were measured using a co‐occurrence network analysis. Periodontal pathogens were also detected in subgingival plaque after the treatment. Distinct microbial communities were found between the healthy and peri‐implantitis sites. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that non‐surgical mechanical debridement therapy did not significantly affect the subgingival microbial communities in peri‐implantitis, and the stable microbial networks created via interactions among pathogens may be responsible for the poor prognosis of peri‐implantitis treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrosequencing of the subgingival microbiome in peri‐implantitis after non‐surgical mechanical debridement therapy

Nie

Zhang

Zheng

et al. 2019

J of Periodontal Research

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“…The oral microbiome helps host against invasion of opportunistic microorganisms. The oral microbiome also impacts the microbial communities that colonize the gastrointestinal tract, and its imbalances contribute to not only oral diseases but also risk of gastrointestinal disorders, adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and nervous systemic diseases . In this study, we sought to elucidate the relationships between CagA status of H pylori infection and the compositional, functional, and ecological changes in both gastric and oral microbiome communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pylori infection alters gastric and tongue coating microbial communities

et al. 2019

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Objective Infection with Helicobacter pylori ( H pylori ), especially cytotoxin‐associated gene A‐positive (CagA+) strains, has been associated with various gastrointestinal and extragastric diseases. The aim of this study was to characterize H pylori ‐induced alterations in the gastric and tongue coating microbiota and evaluate their potential impacts on human health. Design The gastric mucosa and tongue coating specimens were collected from 80 patients with chronic gastritis, and microbiota profiles were generated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Samples were grouped as H pylori negative (n = 32), CagA‐negative H pylori infection (n = 13), and CagA‐positive H pylori infection (n=35). The comparison of bacterial relative abundance was made using a generalized linear model. Functional profiling of microbial communities was predicted with PICRUSt and BugBase. Microbial correlation networks were produced by utilizing SparCC method. Results Significant alterations of the gastric microbiota were found in the H pylori +/CagA+ samples, represented by a decrease in bacterial diversity, a reduced abundance of Roseburia , and increased abundances of Helicobacter and Haemophilus genera. At the community level, functions involved in biofilm forming, mobile element content, and facultative anaerobiosis were significantly decreased in gastric microbiome of the H pylori + subjects. The presence of CagA gene was linked to an increased proportion of Gram‐negative bacteria in the stomach, thereby contributing to an upregulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. The number of bacterial interactions was greatly reduced in networks of both tongue coating and gastric microbiota of the H pylori +/CagA+ subject, and the cooperative bacterial interactions dominated the tongue coating microbiome. Conclusions Infection with H pylori strains possessing CagA may increase the risk of various diseases, by upregulating LPS biosynthesis in the stomach and weakening the defense of oral microbiota against microorganisms with pathogenic potential.

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“…The oral cavity is an important place for the delivery and exchange of the substances inside and outside the human body, and also the gateway for the pathogens and toxic substances to invade the body. The microbes found in human oral cavity are collectively referred to as the oral microbiome [1][2][3]. The complex and variable interaction of oral microbes helps the body to fight against the external undesirable stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human oral microbiome characterization and its association with environmental microbiome revealed by the Earth Microbiome Project

Wang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The oral cavity is an important window for the microbial communication between environment and the human body. The oral microbiome plays an important role in human health. Here, we analyzed 447 datasets from human oral samples published by the Earth Microbiome Project (EMP). The microbes in these human oral samples were taxonomically assigned to at least 266 genera of 18 bacterial and archaeal phyla. Among them, 11 genera with the relative abundance more than 1% were identified as 5 different bacterial phyla. Compared with 815 samples from human gut, nose/pharynx and skin, the oral microbiome showed significantly lower diversity and possessed fewer unknown species than those of other body parts, and had distinct differences in species composition from other body parts. In addition, the oral microbiome showed significant differences in the populations of different countries, which may be determined by the living environment and lifestyle/dietary habits. Finally, the correlation analysis showed highly similarity between the oral microbiome and the microbiomes of Aerosol (non-saline) and Surface (non-saline), two types of environmental microbial habitats related closely to human. Together, these findings expand our understanding to the human oral microbiome.

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Oral microbiomes: more and more importance in oral cavity and whole body

Cited by 564 publications

References 127 publications

Pyrosequencing of the subgingival microbiome in peri‐implantitis after non‐surgical mechanical debridement therapy

Pyrosequencing of the subgingival microbiome in peri‐implantitis after non‐surgical mechanical debridement therapy

Helicobacter pylori infection alters gastric and tongue coating microbial communities

Human oral microbiome characterization and its association with environmental microbiome revealed by the Earth Microbiome Project

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