ORAL SHEDDING OF MARBURG VIRUS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED EGYPTIAN FRUIT BATS (<i>ROUSETTUS AEGYPTIACUS</i>)

Amman, Brian R.; Jones, Megan E. B.; Sealy, Tara K.; Uebelhoer, Luke S.; Schuh, Amy J.; Bird, Brian H.; Coleman-McCray, JoAnn D.; Martin, Brock E.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Towner, Jonathan S.

doi:10.7589/2014-08-198

Cited by 172 publications

(259 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…gorillas) (Leroy et al 2004). Recent experimental studies have shown that Marburg virus can be excreted in bat saliva, answering important questions about its potential zoonotic spread via the oral route (Amman et al 2014a). It has been postulated that bats and gorillas may share Ebola virus through contact at shared fruit resources, but this has not been verified and additional research is needed to better understand the ecological connections between bats and other mammal hosts in the transmission of these diseases (Groseth et al 2007;Olival and Hayman 2014).…”

Section: Food-borne Zoonotic Disease Risk From Pteropodid Batsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Conflict Between Pteropodid Bats and Fruit Growers: Species, Legislation and Mitigation

Aziz

Olival

Bumrungsri

et al. 2015

Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World

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Pteropodid bats damage a wide range of fruit crops, exacerbated by continuing loss of their natural food as forests are cleared. In some countries where such damage occurs, bats are not legally protected. In others, as a result of pressure from fruit growers, legal protection is either not implemented or overridden by legislation specifically allowing the killing of bats. Lethal control is generally ineffective and often carried out with shotguns making it an animal welfare issue, as many more animals are injured or orphaned than are killed. Here, we review the literature and current state of the conflict between fruit growers and pteropodids and describe a wide range of potential mitigation techniques. We compile an extensive list of bats and the fruit crops on which they feed where this has resulted in conflicts, or could lead to conflict, with fruit growers. We also discuss the legal status of bats in some countries where such conflicts occur. We found the most effective means of preventing bat damage to crops is the use of fixed nets (that generally prevent entanglement) covering a whole orchard. Netting individual trees, or fruit panicles, using small net bags, is also effective. Management methods that assist netting include pruning to maintain low stature of trees. These

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Section: Food-borne Zoonotic Disease Risk From Pteropodid Batsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Conflict Between Pteropodid Bats and Fruit Growers: Species, Legislation and Mitigation

Aziz

Olival

Bumrungsri

et al. 2015

Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World

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show abstract

“…A second study by Amman et al . found that bats subcutaneously inoculated with a low-passage, bat-derived MARV strain shed virus in their oral secretions up to 11 days following infection and led to the hypothesis that the virus may be horizontally transmitted between bats through direct and/or indirect contact with infectious oral secretions or biting 29 . To investigate the mechanisms of bat-to-bat MARV transmission, a third study by Paweska et al .…”

Section: Natural History Of Marv Infection In R Aegyptiacusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filoviruses and bats

2017

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While Reston and Lloviu viruses have never been associated with human disease, the other filoviruses cause outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever characterised by person-to-person transmission and high case fatality ratios. Cumulative evidence suggests that bats are the most likely reservoir hosts of the filoviruses. Ecological investigations following Marburg virus disease outbreaks associated with entry into caves inhabited by Rousettus aegyptiacus bats led to the identification of this bat species as the natural reservoir host of the marburgviruses. Experimental infection of R. aegyptiacus with Marburg virus has provided insight into the natural history of filovirus infection in bats that may help guide the search for the reservoir hosts of the ebolaviruses.

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“…Genome sequences of MARV isolated from bats closely matched those isolated from miners during this epidemic, indicating that common Egyptian fruit bats represent major natural reservoir and source of Marburg virus with potential for spillover into humans. Despite the isolation of MARV from naturally infected Egyptian fruit bats captured in the Kitaka cave near Ibanda, in Western Uganda ) and the python cave in the Queen Elisabeth National Park, Uganda (Amman et al, 2014), experimental inoculation of R. aegyptiacus with MARV were conducted and showed that the species is a natural reservoir host for MARV and demonstrated routes of viral shedding via rectal and oral routes capable of infecting humans and other animals (Amman et al, 2015). While the Marburgviruses exhibit high overall genetic diversity (up to 22%), only 6.8% nucleotide difference was found between the West African Angolan viruses and the majority of East African viruses, suggesting that the virus reservoir species in these regions are not substantially distinct.…”

Section: The Reservoir Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%