Oral spirochetes: Pathogenic mechanisms in periodontal disease

Yousefi, Leila; Leylabadlo, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh; Pourlak, Tala; Eslami, Hosein; Taghizadeh, Sepehr; Ganbarov, Khudaverdi; Yousefi, Mehdi; Tanomand, Asghar; Yousefi, Bahman; Kafil, Hossein Samadi

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104193

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…These microbiota may play a vital role in the occurrence and development of peri-implantitis diseases, and have strong correlation with the clinical index. Shi et al [ 42 ] compared the microbiome of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, concluding that an increase in MBL was associated with submucosal microbial dysbiosis. A previous study by Kröger and colleagues also showed that the PD had a substantial relevance to the microbiome of the peri-implantitis sites, highlighting an increased dysbiosis in deeper pockets [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Microbiome and Cytokines in Healthy Implants and Peri-Implantitis of the Same Individuals

Song

Jiang

et al. 2022

JCM

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Aim: To characterize the profile of submucosal microbiome and cytokine levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) from clinically healthy implants and peri-implantitis in the same individuals. Material and Methods: A total of 170 patients were screened and, finally, 14 patients with at least one healthy implant and one peri-implantitis implant were included. Submucosal microbiota and cytokines from 28 implants were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multifactor assays, respectively. Correlations of clinical indexes and microbiota or cytokines were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. A random forest classification model was constructed. Results: Peri-implantitis sites harbored higher microbial diversity, as well as more Gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, compared with healthy implants sites. The genera of Peptostreptococcaceae XIG-1, Treponema, Porphyromonas, and Lachnospiraceae G-8, as well as the cytokines of IL-17A, IL-6, IL-15, G-CSF, RANTES, and IL-1β were significantly higher in peri-implantitis than healthy implants. Furthermore, these genera and cytokines had positive relationships with clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and marginal bone loss (MBL). The classification model picked out the top 15 biomarkers, such as IL-17A, IL-6, IL-15, VEGF, IL-1β, Peptostreptococcaceae XIG-1, Haemophilus, and Treponema, and obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85. Conclusions: There are more pathogenic bacteria and inflammatory cytokines in peri-implantitis sites, and biomarkers could facilitate the diagnosis of peri-implantitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of Microbiome and Cytokines in Healthy Implants and Peri-Implantitis of the Same Individuals

Song

Jiang

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…There are a lot of virulence factors of T. denticola in relation to the inhibition or activation of immune cells (major outer sheath protein) [ 22 ]. As one secretary virulence factors of T. denticola , the outer membrane vesicles might penetrate blood vessels [ 23 ]. Furthermore, the DNA of T. denticola was detected in the spleen of mono-infected SCID mice [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Responses Regulated by Key Periodontal Bacteria in Germ-Free Mice

Shen

Yang

et al. 2022

Pathogens

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The immune dysregulation induced by periodontal bacteria has important roles in the development of periodontitis. However, the role of key periodontal bacteria in local and systemic immunity has not been comprehensively studied. Herein, to explore immunoregulation maps of key periodontal bacteria, a mono-colonized germ-free mice model with P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and T. denticola for two weeks was designed in this study. The alveolar bone loss was determined by micro-CT. A total of 14 types of innate and adaptive immune cells of the gingiva, spleen, and colon were detected by multi-color flow cytometry. P. gingivalis induced the strongest innate immune response in gingiva and mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) changed most significantly, compared to F. nucleatum and T. denticola. Immune dysregulation of the colon was widely induced by F. nucleatum. T. denticola mainly induced immune disorder in spleen. ILC3s, Tregs, CD11B+ dendritic cells s, MNPs, macrophages, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were the main types in response to key periodontal bacteria. However, the alveolar bone loss was not induced by key periodontal bacteria. In conclusion, the overall immunoregulation of monomicrobial stimuli to decipher the complexities of periodontitis was provided in this study. P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and T. denticola have different effects on local and systemic immunity in gingiva, colon, and spleen of germ-free mice.

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“…ese factors facilitate the integration of T. denticola within oral dental plaque biofilms as well as promoting its adherence and subsequent invasion into the host's cells. Although T. denticola lacks a specific adhesive structure such as fimbriae, it is able to adhere to various surfaces of the oral cavity, including teeth, host soft tissue, and microbes in plaque biofilms by various other factors, including Msp, lipooligosaccharide, and CTLP [150,151].…”

Section: Treponema Denticola (T Denticola) T Denticola Is Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterials and Biological Parameters for Fixed-Prosthetic Implant-Supported Restorations: A Review Study

Afshari

Mosaddad

Alam

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Because of the increasing use of dental implants, dental practitioners should understand the treatment and nature of peri-implant diseases (PIDs). This disease is a serious problem of dentistry, regarding epidemiology and therapy. Due to the increase in the practice of implantology as well as the increased number of implants placed every year, the rate of PID has widely increased. Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, gingivitis, and periodontitis are common clinical manifestations of the disease. PIDs are caused by chronic inflammatory processes in the tissues around an intraoral implant, with increasing incidence, and have become a health concern. Bacterial infections are involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The imbalance between the host response and bacterial biofilm results in tissue destruction. New challenges lie in the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of PIDs. The aim of this overview was to focus on the nature of the disease itself, useful diagnostic criteria, common responsible bacteria, and the prosthetic effects of fixed restorations on the health of the periodontium since recognizing the parameters involved in the development of periodontal and PIDs will play a crucial role in preventing the progression and minimizing the complications of these diseases having a fixed prosthesis.

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Oral spirochetes: Pathogenic mechanisms in periodontal disease

Cited by 29 publications

References 88 publications

The Characteristics of Microbiome and Cytokines in Healthy Implants and Peri-Implantitis of the Same Individuals

The Characteristics of Microbiome and Cytokines in Healthy Implants and Peri-Implantitis of the Same Individuals

Immune Responses Regulated by Key Periodontal Bacteria in Germ-Free Mice

Biomaterials and Biological Parameters for Fixed-Prosthetic Implant-Supported Restorations: A Review Study

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