Oral tryptic casein hydrolysate enhances phagocytosis by mouse peritoneal and blood phagocytic cells but fails to prevent induced inflammation

Immunomodulatory activity of 5 kDa permeate fractions of casein hydrolysates generated using a range of enzymes in Jurkat T cells and RAW264.7 macrophages

“…Casein hydrolysates have also been studied for their immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory potential. The tryptic hydrolysis of casein generated a hydrolysate with immune enhancing effects in mouse macrophages (Kazlauskaite et al, 2005), while β-casein and several peptides within β-casein have been reported to decrease proliferation in murine spleen cells (Bonomi et al, 2011). Studies have also reported that the activity of NF-κβ, one of the major inflammatory signalling pathways, may be reduced in cells exposed to casein hydrolysates (Altmann et al, 2016;Malinowski, Klempt, Clawin-Rädecker, Lorenzen, & Meisel, 2014).…”

“…Bioactive peptides are small protein fragments that have the potential to exert beneficial health effects in vivo (Urista, Fernández, Rodriguez, Cuenca & Jurado, 2011). Bioactive peptides, derived from the milk protein casein, demonstrate numerous bioactivities such as antihypertensive, opioid and antimicrobial activity (Di Pierro, O'Keeffe, Poyarkov, Lomolino, & FitzGerald, 2014;Kazlauskaite et al, 2005;Nongonierma, O'Keeffe, & FitzGerald, 2016;Phelan, Aherne-Bruce, O'Sullivan, FitzGerald, & O'Brien, 2009;Tang et al, 2015;Trivedi, Zhang, Lopez-Toledano, Clarke, & Deth, 2016;Yamada et al, 2015). The enzymes used in the generation of these peptides, as well as the length and amino acid sequence of the resultant peptides influence the bioactivities observed (Power, Jakeman, & FitzGerald, 2013).…”

Effects of a Casein Hydrolysate Prepared fromAspergillus oryzaeProtease on Adjuvant Arthritis in Rats

“…35) In addition, a tryptic casein hydrolysate had an immunostimulatory action by enhancing the phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages and blood phagocytic cells. 36) On the other hand, as CH exhibited an antiinflammatory and/or immunosuppressive effect, the biological activity of CH was different from these protein hydrolysates with an immunostimulatory action. Furthermore, these -casein (1-28) or casein hydrolysates prepared with gastrointestinal proteases, which were almost completely composed of endoproteases, would have consisted of larger peptides than that with A. oryzae protease which mainly contained a large amount of oligopeptides with 2 to 3 amino acid residues and free amino acids.…”

Food-protein enzymatic hydrolysates possess both antimicrobial and immunostimulatory activities: a ‘cause and effect’ theory of bifunctionality

“…It has been proposed recently that an application of safe food‐grade substances inducing lysis from within a microbial cell might serve as an alternative for the current application of exogenously acting lytic enzyme preparations (Biziulevičius et al ., 2003b). Our initial studies on the antimicrobial and/or immunostimulatory effects of food‐protein enzymatic digests performed by using tryptic casein hydrolysate (Biziulevičius et al ., 2003b; Kazlauskaitė et al ., in press) were positive, and the results of this study make the proposition more feasible.…”

“…The hydrolysate stimulated in vitro the autolytic system of all 19 bacterial and all five fungal strains tested, and it was also highly efficient as an antimicrobial in vivo when used in a newborn‐calf colibacillosis model (Biziulevičius et al ., 2002, 2003b). Nonspecific immunity‐enhancing effects of oral tryptic casein hydrolysate in calves and mice have also been recorded (Biziulevičius et al ., 2003b; Kazlauskaitė et al ., in press). Taken with the existing knowledge of the microbial autolytic system and with an understanding of the microbial lysis products as immunostimulants, this information allowed us to propose a hypothesis explaining the immunostimulatory activities of food‐borne peptides (Biziulevičius, 2004).…”