Oral volitional movements in children with language impairments

Stark, Rachel E.; Blackwell, Patricia B.

doi:10.1080/09297049708401370

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our findings also fit with genetic studies suggesting that 'genes that put the child at risk for communicative problems also affect motor development, with the association being most evident when speech production is affected' (Bishop, 2002). Moreover, our results extend Stark and Blackwell's (1997) original findings of a correlation between NWR and oral praxis in children with SLI 2 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…More generally, children with specific language impairment (SLI) often perform poorly on NWR tasks (Bishop et al, 1996;Conti-Ramsden et al, 2001) and can show subtle but pervasive difficulties with sensorimotor control (Hill, 2001) and motor imitation (Marton, 2009). In a pioneering study, Stark & Blackwell (1997) showed that NWR accuracy in children with SLI was correlated with their oral praxis abilities. In addition, the parents of Oromotor skill predicts non-word repetition abilitychildren with SLI have also been shown to present with poor performance on a task of oromotor skill (Barry et al, 2007).…”

Section: Articulating Novel Words: Children's Oromotor Skills Predictmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Articulating Novel Words: Children's Oromotor Skills Predict Nonword Repetition Abilities

Krishnan

Alcock

Mercure³

et al. 2013

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose: Pronouncing a novel word for the first time requires the transformation of a newly encoded speech signal into a series of coordinated, exquisitely timed oromotor movements. Individual differences in children's ability to repeat novel nonwords are associated with vocabulary development and later literacy. Nonword repetition (NWR) is often used to test clinical populations. While phonological/auditory memory contributions to learning and pronouncing nonwords have been extensively studied, much less is known about the contribution of children's oromotor skills to this process. Method: Two independent cohorts of children (7-13 years, N = 40, and 6.9-7.7 years, N = 37) were tested on a battery of linguistic and non-linguistic tests, including NWR and oromotor tasks. Results: In both cohorts, individual differences in oromotor control were a significant contributor to NWR abilities; moreover, in an omnibus analysis including experimental and standardized tasks, oromotor control predicted the most unique variance in NWR. Conclusions: Results indicate that nonlinguistic oromotor skills contribute to children's NWR ability, and suggest that important aspects of language learning and consequent language deficits may be rooted in the ability to perform complex sensorimotor transformations.Oromotor skill predicts non-word repetition ability

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Articulating Novel Words: Children's Oromotor Skills Predictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Articulating Novel Words: Children's Oromotor Skills Predict Nonword Repetition Abilities

Krishnan

Alcock

Mercure³

et al. 2013

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Section: Associations In Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Landt and Ingervall (1975) suggest that an adult level of skill may not be reached by 11 years, while more speech-like aspects of development may reach their adult level around 14 years (Smith & Zelaznik, 2004). In contrast, other authors suggest that mature skill levels may be reached at a much younger age (Stark & Blackwell, 1997). …”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In children with specific language impairment (SLI), very few studies have looked at oral motor control but in those that have, associations have been found. For example, Stark and Blackwell (1997) found that oral motor skills were associated with both nonword repetition and phoneme identification in SLI.There has in particular been a suggestion that developmental verbal dyspraxia cannot exist without nonverbal, oral dyspraxia (Stackhouse & Snowling, 1992). With these associations in mind, study 1 investigated the oral motor abilities of a group of individuals with a developmental speech and language impairment, the KE family.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The development of oral motor control and language

Alcock

2006

Downs Syndr. Res. Pract.

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-Motor control has long been associated with language skill, in deficits, both acquired and developmental, and in typical development. Most evidence comes from limb praxis however; the link between oral motor control and speech and language has been neglected, despite the fact that most language users talk with their mouths. Oral motor control is affected in a variety of developmental disorders, including Down syndrome. However, its development is poorly understood. We investigated oral motor control in three groups: adults with acquired aphasia, individuals with developmental dysphasia, and typically developing children. In individuals with speech and language difficulties, oral motor control was impaired. More complex movements and sets of movements were even harder for individuals with language impairments. In typically developing children (21-24 months), oral motor control was found to be related to language skills. In both studies, a closer relationship was found between language and complex oral movements than simple oral movements. This relationship remained when the effect of overall cognitive ability was removed. Children who were poor at oral movements were not good at language, although children who were good at oral movements could fall anywhere on the distribution of language abilities. Oral motor skills may be a necessary precursor for language skills.Keywords: oral motor control, language development, developmental language disorders, gesture Evidence for a link between motor control and language In examining the relationship between motor control and language development and disorders, there is a contrast between the large amount that is known about limb motor control and the small amount that is known about oral motor control. For example, it has long been known that the first stages of language development occur in parallel with the first stages of gesture development, and that children whose first gestures are earlier than average usually also say their first words earlier than average (Bates et al., 1979). Recent data also show that children who are late in the onset of both spontaneous communicative gesture and spoken language are more likely to remain delayed than those who start making communicative gestures at a typical age but whose speech is also delayed (Thal et al., 1997). There is also a strong association between limb motor control difficulties and language impairment (Hill, 2001), which appear to share a common genetic basis (Bishop, 2002). This imbalance in research exists despite the fact that the majority of language users speak, rather than sign. We now turn to work on the development of oral motor skills. Oral motor developmentThere has been little work to date on how oral motor control develops in children, and much of this has been concentrated on the feeding behaviour of young infants or developmentally disabled children (a selection of recent work includes Fucile et al., 2005;Johnson & Harris, 2004;Mason et al., 2005;Rogers & Arvedson, 2005), with no investigation...

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Motor Issues in Specific Language Impairment: a Window into the Underlying Impairment

Sanjeevan

Rosenbaum

Miller

et al. 2015

Curr Dev Disord Rep

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This paper reviews the findings of recent studies examining the motor abilities of children with specific language impairment (SLI). Standardized measures of motor ability confirm that children with SLI exhibit deficits in fine and gross motor skill, both simple and complex. These difficulties also extend to speech-motor ability, particularly with the control of their articulatory movements. Communicative gesturing, on the other hand, does not appear to be significantly impacted in SLI. Some of the latest studies reviewed in this paper have examined motor processes supported by procedural memory, which is argued to be impaired in SLI. The results of these studies indicate that children with SLI have difficulty with motor sequence learning, but may show deficits in other procedural motor processes as well. Despite significant progress with understanding the motor issues in SLI, future studies are needed to hone in on the nature of this impairment.

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Oral volitional movements in children with language impairments

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Articulating Novel Words: Children's Oromotor Skills Predict Nonword Repetition Abilities

Articulating Novel Words: Children's Oromotor Skills Predict Nonword Repetition Abilities

The development of oral motor control and language

Motor Issues in Specific Language Impairment: a Window into the Underlying Impairment

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