Orality and Ritual in Collective Memory: A Theoretical Discussion

Abstract

Kajian ini mengeksplorasi oralitas dan ritual dalam memori kolektif dari perspektif sosiologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pertanyaan tentang bagaimana komunitas dalam masyarakat yang berorientasi lisan kuat menjaga memori kolektif. Sementara dalam masyarakat tertulis kanon merupakan wadah ingatan kolektif. Masyarakat berorientasi lisan yang kuat mempertahankan ingatan dalam kinerja lisan dan ritual. Oralitas menciptakan memori kolektif melalui pelestarian sejarah masa lalu. Kinerja ritual, membawa masa lalu kembali ke masa sekarang untuk mengantisipasi interaksi sosial di masa depan. Oleh karena itu, perangkat mnemonik berfungsi untuk melestarikan nilai-nilai komunal dan untuk mengirimkan narasi komunal ke generasi berikutnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan melalui perspektif Durkheimian untuk menjadi batu ujian untuk memahami ritual keagamaan dan memori kolektif dalam masyarakat yang berorientasi lisan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ingatan kolektif dalam masyarakat yang berorientasi pada lisan kuat diciptakan secara kultural melalui bentuk-bentuk oralitas seperti narasi, simbol lisan serta pertunjukan ritual keagamaan.

The sleeping soul doctrine of metaphysical anthropology in the Javanese death tradition

“…Every society has its uniqueness because of different experiences and ways to remember the past and overcome social difficulties. Experience creates people's understanding of collective memory and its representation in contemporary life (Lattu 2019). Maurice Halbwachs said that confidence and self-accuracy in memory are very dependent on the memory of others.…”

“…This statement is further strengthened from the perspective of Durkheim quoted by Lattu that society believes in the power of shared memories and values that are held together through mechanical solidarity. This relationship is based on shared beliefs and social sentiments (Lattu 2019).…”

“…This research is based on Lattu's research that in emerging traditions culturally, there is a strong role, namely collective memory. These traditions are collective memories derived from oral traditions, narratives, symbols and various cultural performances (Lattu 2019). The authors try to strengthen the doctrine of the sleeping soul using collective memory by presupposing that there is a common collective memory in rereading the metaphysical anthropology of the Javanese death's slametan tradition and the biblical narrative, although the two traditions have differences.…”

Oral-Based Christian-Marapu Interreligious Engagement: Manawara as a Shared Virtue for Common Liberation

“…It is different with textual form in which meaning and message are trapped in the text so that hermeneutics and interpretation become very pivotal in trying to get the message. Since oral culture maintains its knowledge by repeating it and not by writing it (Lattu, 2019c;Ong, 1988, pp. 259-269), the process of contextualization occurs along with the process of transmitting it from one generation to the next generation according to their current context.…”

“…259-269), the process of contextualization occurs along with the process of transmitting it from one generation to the next generation according to their current context. As Ong argues, redundancy, or repetition of that which has been just said, keeps both the speaker and the hearer surely on track (Lattu, 2019c;Ong, 1980, p. 40). In brief, the inferiority of both orality and oral-oriented society should be perceived as a long-standing construction that has undermined the richness of many distinctively unique localities.…”