Orally Administered Activated Charcoal as a Medical Countermeasure for Acute Radiation Syndrome in Rats

Abstract

Activated charcoal (AC) can be taken orally as enterosorbent for treatment of pathological states related to exogenous and endogenous intoxications. Synthesized granulated AC with a highly developed active surface (SBET ~2700 m2/g) was used as a medical countermeasure (MCM) to acute radiation sickness (ARS) in rats after total body X-ray irradiation. AC demonstrates positive results in ARS treatment, as expressed in, (i) a decrease in body weight loss, (ii) a protection of bone marrow (BM) cells colony formation capacity, (iii) a reduction of BM chromosomal aberrations and small intestine and spleen tissue damage, (iv) an amelioration of white blood cell count, and (v) a mitigation of superoxide ion generation rate in the liver. AC oral prescription seems to be perspective modality of ARS treatment.

Activated Carbon for Sepsis Prevention and Intervention: A Modern Way of Utilizing Old Therapies

“…Microbiota restoration and protection, reduction of oxidative stress, protection and acceleration of bone barrow restoration, and recovery of plasmatic albumin structure and function by AC application are the facts, encouraging the application of AC for sepsis prevention [19,29,83,87,89,[150][151][152][153].…”

“…Enterosorption with highly activated AC with S BET 2200-2500 m 2 per/g helps to reduce oxidative stress and, possibly, by this way, accelerates the bone marrow restoration in experiments with rats after high-dose injections of the anti-cancer drug (melphalan), and after total body X-irradiation [150][151][152]. Monocyte LPS-induced ROS was attenuated with oral AC treatment in cirrhotic rats [103].…”

“…Monocyte LPS-induced ROS was attenuated with oral AC treatment in cirrhotic rats [103]. AC reduces the superoxide radical generation rate (SOR) in the liver and brain [150], attenuates manifestations of oxidative stress [150][151][152][153], and decreases nitric oxide levels in lymph nodes in experimental animal models with severe inflammation [69].…”

Myeloprotection with activated carbon in doxorubicin-treated rats

“…AC-assisted protection of hematopoiesis has been also observed in the studies with IR-exposed laboratory animals in view of the possible mechanisms suggested above. This effect was significant regardless of how the animals were treated with AC: hemoperfusion [ 42 , 43 ] or enterosorption (p/o route) [ 43 , 44 ]. Supposedly, the effective myeloprotection with a subsequent BM recovery may influence survival rates of irradiated animals, according to the finding that a single-course low-volume hemoperfusion with uncoated spherical AC resulted in 60–70% increase in survival of dogs acutely irradiated with X-rays of the dose of 5.25 Gy, whereas survival without hemoperfusion was only 3% [ 42 ].…”

The effect of long-term oral administration of activated charcoal on the occurrence of tumors and the morphology of internal organs in rats

“…Both ACs were obtained by the method of steam activation in the fluidized bed of the laboratory furnace. AC samples were evaluated using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and the adsorption of albumin-bound toxins (unconjugated bilirubin) [1]. 45 Wistar female rats 2 months old were allocated into 3 groups: HSGD, CA-M, and Control.…”