This paper presents a summary of archaeological data availiable to geographers and geomorphologists studying fluvial environments and the Roman period. The purpose of this study is to show how archaeological evidence of management of flood constraints by the Romans can provide insights into fluvial hazards during that period. This study is divided into two parts: (1) a synthesis presenting the main Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement, 2007, n°1, p. 67-84 Les villes romaines face aux inondations. La place des données archéologiques dans l'étude des risques fluviaux Roman towns and floods. Reflexion about the role of archaeological data in the study of fluvial hazards