Orbital compartment syndrome resulting in unilateral blindness in two dogs

Abstract

Orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is described in humans as an acute rise in intraorbital pressure following a severe and rapidly evolving orbital affection. It includes orbital oedema, haemorrhage or infection causing a marked reduction in local blood perfusion, and severely affecting the orbital neurovascular structures. If not promptly recognised and treated, it results in irreversible blindness. It is one of the rare ophthalmic surgical emergencies, requiring lateral canthotomy and cantholysis. This case report describes two canine cases of complex orbital, periorbital and facial abscesses resulting in OCS and permanent unilateral blindness diagnosed by ultrasonography, computed tomography and electroretinography.

Canine Retrobulbar Cellulitis and Abscessation in the Southeastern United States: A review of case management, diagnostic imaging, bacterial isolates, and susceptibility patterns

“…Orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) in human medicine is an ophthalmic emergency necessitating surgical decompression. There is only one case report in the veterinary literature specifically describing blindness due to OCS 40 . The canine orbit is open, which can provide relief to orbital expansion compared to the closed orbit of the human 2,39,58,59 .…”

“…Orbital compartment syndrome has only been recently described in veterinary medical literature. Sauvage et al described two cases of acute facial swelling and exophthalmos associated with pain on opening the mouth and globe tenting (a posterior globe angle of less than 130°) 40 . Globe tenting is a specific feature of increased intraorbital pressure frequently described in human medicine associated with OCS 40,41 .…”

“…Sauvage et al described two cases of acute facial swelling and exophthalmos associated with pain on opening the mouth and globe tenting (a posterior globe angle of less than 130°) 40 . Globe tenting is a specific feature of increased intraorbital pressure frequently described in human medicine associated with OCS 40,41 . In these cases, the shape and position of globe returned to normal following therapy, but the dogs remained blind throughout the follow‐up period.…”

Diagnosis and surgical management of a retrobulbar abscess causing unilateral exophthalmos in a Boer goat

“…Abscesses are reported internally and externally in goats including intracranially and are often attributed to caseous lymphadenitis 16,17 . Retrobulbar cellulitis or abscess is a reported cause of exophthalmos in cats, dogs, rabbits, rodents, humans, cattle, and horses for a variety of reasons 2,7,8,10,11,18–22 . It is more commonly described in small animals as opposed to large animals and ruminants 2 .…”

Uso De Imagens Para Diagnóstico De Afecções Oculares – Revisão De Literatura

“…Devido à sua capacidade de demonstrar as estruturas ósseas de forma minuciosa, a tomografia computadorizada fornece informações precisas sobre todas as estruturas da órbita, possuindo como inconveniente a radiação e a eventual necessidade do uso de contraste (17). Sauvage et al (18) relataram dois casos de síndrome compartimental da órbita em cães diagnosticados com auxílio da tomografia computadorizada. Enquanto Vieira et al (19) realizaram avaliação de epífora, na espécie canina, utilizando como um dos métodos a tomografia computadorizada, em comparação com a dacriocistografia.…”