“…Some studies have also shown that Ca and Si ions play important roles in the formation of the apatite layer, and affect the biological metabolism of osteoblastic cells which indirectly influenced the mineralization process and bone-bonding mechanism (Mohammadi et al, 2014). However, the slightly faster degradation rate which mismatches with the bone tissue regeneration during the new bone ingrowth (Xu et al, 2008), especially, the relatively low fracture strength and toughness which fails to meet the specific mechanical requirement in thin-wall bone defects constrains its clinical applications (Bratton and Durairaj, 2011). To reinforce the structure and to enhance the mechanical strength, biopolymer (Shirazi et al, 2014b), metallic oxide (Shirazi et al, 2014a) and many other materials are used to modify the CSi based materials scaffolds (Mehrali et al, 2013).…”