Ordered graphitized ceramic layer induced by liquid crystal epoxy resin in silicone rubber composites with enhanced ablation resistance performance

Liu, Zhuodong; Chen, Ziyang; Yan, Liwei; Chen, Yang; Liang, Mei; Zou, Huawei

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124823

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Fillers such as CeO 2 , SiC, BER(4,4-bis(3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy) benzyl)-1,1′-biphenyl), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), etc., were used to optimize the characteristics of carbon-and-elastomeric ablative composites. Tensile strength was improved with BER modifications in carbon and elastomeric ablatives [ 69 ]. CeO 2 enhanced the thermal stability and mechanical strength of a phenyl silicone-rubber-based composite [ 70 ].…”

Section: Carbon–elastomeric Ablative Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inclusion of BER led to heightened strength in the ceramic layer and the development of well-structured graphitic carbon formations. Additionally, the overall tensile strength of the composite was enhanced [ 69 ]. CeO 2 - and graphene-modified phenyl silicone-rubber composites were studied.…”

Section: Carbon–elastomeric Ablative Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Elastomeric Ablative Composites in Literature Ablation Characteristics Method of Ablation Test Reference % Reduction in LAR % Reduction in MAR Waste leave side filled with carbon fiber + polymeric methylene diphenylene diisocyanate (PMDI) 83 60 Oxy-acetylene torch test at 2400 °C for 30 s [ 88 ] 10 phr Polyarylacetylene (P.A.) + silicone rubber-carbon woven laminates (SRWL) 71.60 - Oxy-acetylene torch test [ 77 ] 20 wt.% BER(4,4-bis(3-(oxirane-2-ylmethoxy)benzyl)-1,1′-biphenyl) + silicone rubber 54 30 Oxy-acetylene flame test at a heat flux of 4.152 × 106 W/m 2 for 30 s [ 69 ] 3 mm carbon fibers + ceramic filled silicone rubber 53.6 64.4 Oxy-acetylene torch test at a heat flux of 4.57 × 106 W/m 2 for 30 s [ 72 ] Aramid fiber (AF) + carbon fiber + ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) 31 - Oxy-acetylene flame test at a heat flux of 4.57 × 106 W/m 2 for 30 s [ 13 ] 10 phr Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) + carbon fibers (CFs) + silicone rubber 30.76 - Oxy-acetylene torch test for 30 ...…”

Section: Carbon–elastomeric Ablative Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-of-the-Art on Advancements in Carbon–Phenolic and Carbon–Elastomeric Ablatives

Kumar,

Ranjan,

Kumar

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Ablative composites serve as sacrificial materials, protecting underlying materials from high-temperature environments by endothermic reactions. These materials undergo various phenomena, including thermal degradation, pyrolysis, gas generation, char formation, erosion, gas flow, and different modes of heat transfer (such as conduction, convection, and radiation), all stemming from these endothermic reactions. These phenomena synergize to form a protective layer over the underlying materials. Carbon, with its superb mechanical properties and various available forms, is highlighted, alongside phenolics known for good adhesion and fabric ability and elastomers valued for flexibility and resilience. This study focuses on recent advancements in carbon-and-phenolic and carbon-and-elastomeric composites, considering factors such as erosion speed; high-temperature resistance; tensile, bending, and compressive strength; fiber–matrix interaction; and char formation. Various authors’ calculations regarding the percentage reduction in linear ablation rate (LAR) and mass ablation rate (MAR) are discussed. These analyses inform potential advancements in the field of carbon/phenolic and carbon/elastomeric ablative composites.

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Section: Carbon–elastomeric Ablative Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon–elastomeric Ablative Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carbon–elastomeric Ablative Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

State-of-the-Art on Advancements in Carbon–Phenolic and Carbon–Elastomeric Ablatives

Kumar,

Ranjan,

Kumar

et al. 2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The thermal stability was evaluated using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA, TG209F1 Iris, Netzsch, Germany) under nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere. The compression strength of the char layer was measured by an electronic universal testing machine (UTM4204, Shenzhen Suns Technology Stock Co., Ltd., China), as described elsewhere [ 28 ]. Density was used to quantify the compactness of char layer, which was measured using an electronic densimeter (DH-300, DahoMeter, China) [ 29 ].…”

Section: Experimental Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Ablation Properties of Liquid Silicone Rubber Composites by Incorporating Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphonitrile

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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The ablative properties of epoxy-modified vinyl silicone rubber (EMVSR) composites containing hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphonitrile (HPCTP) have been systematically studied. The strength of the ablation char layer was greatly enhanced with the addition of HPCTP, which induced the formation of a more complete, denser, and thicker char during oxyacetylene ablation tests. Moreover, the HPCTP-containing EMVSR composites demonstrated lower thermal conductivity and pyrolysis rate when compared with those without HPTCP. At the same time, the thermal insulation properties of HPCTP-filled composites were improved under low heat flow ablation scenarios. The reduction of graphitic carbon content, the formation of phosphate-like crystals as well as the increase of SiC content contributed to strengthening the char layer, which was critical for improving the ablation properties. The optimum char layer strength and thermal insulation properties were achieved when the content of HPCTP was 15 phr, whereas an optimum ablation resistance was achieved at 25 phr HPCTP. This suggests that HPCTP-modified EMVSR composites can be used for thermal protection purposes, especially in the fields of aerospace and aeronautics.

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“…Raman spectroscopy is the informative method for studying oxidation, phase transformations, and a behavior of the structure of composites. It is widely adopted to determine the composition of oxidation products [16,17] and the residual stress of bulk coatings. [18,19] In addition to the offline detection after high temperature treatments, in situ Raman spectroscopy allows monitoring the oxidation kinetics while providing timeresolved information about structural changes during the treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman detection system for in situ oxidation and ablation analysis in hypersonic wind tunnel

et al. 2022

J Raman Spectroscopy

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We have developed a system for remote Raman spectra detection in hypersonic wind tunnel, which can be used in extreme environments such as ultra‐high temperature, high pressure, and complex airflow to measure in situ Raman spectra of ceramic matrix composites during oxidation, phase transformation or ablation. The designed system avoids stray light generated by windows and airflow through oblique incidence of excitation light. The time‐resolved method combined with pulsed laser and intensified charge‐coupled device (ICCD) was used to reduce the thermal emission background. An optical structure design based on fiber bundle is adopted to suppress the influence of aero‐optical effects and mechanical vibration on Raman spectrum acquisition. We demonstrated the feasibility of in situ Raman spectra detection in a Mach 5 combustion wind tunnel system. The design of anti‐interference prevents Raman spectra intensity from the influence of wind tunnel testing conditions.

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Ordered graphitized ceramic layer induced by liquid crystal epoxy resin in silicone rubber composites with enhanced ablation resistance performance

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

State-of-the-Art on Advancements in Carbon–Phenolic and Carbon–Elastomeric Ablatives

State-of-the-Art on Advancements in Carbon–Phenolic and Carbon–Elastomeric Ablatives

Improving the Ablation Properties of Liquid Silicone Rubber Composites by Incorporating Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphonitrile

Raman detection system for in situ oxidation and ablation analysis in hypersonic wind tunnel

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