Noble
metals supported on metal oxides are promising materials
for widely applying on gas sensors because of their enviable physical
and chemical properties in enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity.
Herein, pristine ZFO yolk–shell spheres composed of ultrathin
nanosheets and ultrasmall nanoparticles decorated with nanosized Au
particles with a diameter of 1–2 nm are fabricated using the
method of solution-phase deposition–precipitation. As a result,
the Au@ZFO yolk–shell sphere based sensor exhibits significantly
sensing performances for chlorobenzene (CB). In comparison with pristine
ZFO, the response (R
air/R
gas= 90.9) of a Au@ZFO based sensor with a low detection
limit of 100 ppb increases 4-fold when exposed to 10 ppm chlorobezene
at 150 °C. Excitingly, the sensing response for chlorobenzene
is the highest among metal oxides semiconductor based sensors. Moreover,
the sensors can be further applied in the field of chlorobenzene monitoring,
owing to its outstanding selectivity. The results elaborated that
the enhanced sensing mechanism is mainly attributed to the effects
of electronic sensitization and chemical sensitization, which are
induced by the Au nanoparticles on the surface of ZFO yolk–shell
spheres. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further illustrated
that the existence of Au nanoparticles exhibits higher adsorption
energy and net charge transfer for CB. In addition, the relationship
between the sensing performances of pristine ZFO and Au@ZFO yolk–shell
spheres for chlorobenzene and the factors of Au loading amount, operating
temperature, and humidity was also fully investigated in this work.