Orf virus interferes with MHC class I surface expression by targeting vesicular transport and Golgi

Rohde, Jörg; Emschermann, Fréderic; Knittler, Michael R.; Rziha, Hanns-Joachim

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-8-114

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Orf virus (a parapox virus) causes disruption and fragmentation of golgi in Vero cells. This structural modification affects the late vesicular export machinery and results in downregulation of the host immune response [127]. Similar phenomenon was also reported upon expression of 3C protease of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Vero cells [128].…”

Section: Effect On the Morphology Of Golgi Bodysupporting

confidence: 69%

Organelle dynamics and viral infections: at cross roads

Glingston

Deb

Kumar

et al. 2019

Microbes and Infection

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Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites of the host cells. A commonly accepted view is the requirement of internal membranous structures for various aspects of viral life cycle. Organelles enable favourable intracellular environment for several viruses. However, studies reporting organelle dynamics upon viral infections are scant. In this review, we aim to summarize and highlight modulations caused to various organelles upon viral infection or expression of its proteins.

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Section: Effect On the Morphology Of Golgi Bodysupporting

confidence: 69%

Organelle dynamics and viral infections: at cross roads

Glingston

Deb

Kumar

et al. 2019

Microbes and Infection

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“…These cells interact to form a barrier to invasion and provide the basis of highly integrated local dermal defence system ( Jenkinson et al, 1991). Rohde et al (2012) showed that ORFV down-regulates MHC I surface expression in infected cells by targeting the late vesicular export machinery and the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus, which possibly helps to escape cellular immune recognition. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are involved in the immunological protective response against Orf infection (Saadeh et al, 2014).…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contagious Pustular Dermatitis (Orf Disease) - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Control and Public Health Concerns

Kumar¹,

Trivedi²,

Bhatt³

et al. 2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| Contagious pustular dermatitis (CPD), also known as Orf or contagious ecthyma is an important viral disease of sheep and goats. It is mainly seen as a benign disease but malignant form has also been reported from few parts of the world. The rates of morbidity and mortality are higher, particularly in lambs and kids experiencing the disease for the first time. The causative agent of disease is Orf virus, type species of the genus Parapoxvirus belonging to family Poxviridae. The virus produces localized persistent proliferative skin lesions and affected hosts are infected repeatedly owing to its host immune evasive strategy. These viruses have been found uniformly labile to chloroform but resistant to ether and also exhibit antigenic variations among them. Clinically, the disease is enzootic and occurs in three forms viz. labial, genital / mammary and generalized forms. The incubation period in natural cases is 2-3 weeks. The disease outbreaks mostly occur between autumn and spring but its severity is more in autumn and winter than spring. The virus grows well in cell cultures of caprine, ovine and bovine origin. Confounding symptoms impose laboratory affirmation by serological assays or molecular techniques. The disease can be diagnosed by electron microscopy, serological tests and PCR/ quantitative real-time PCR. Virus specific antibody response to structural proteins of capripox and orf viruses in western-blot analysis readily differentiates these two infections. The antibody response to the 32 kDa and 26 kDa proteins of capripox viruses provides a firm basis for differentiation. Although, the role of humoral immunity is well established but probably cell mediated immunity plays a major role in recovery from natural infections. A number of inactivated and live or live modified vaccines have been tried with variable success. The duration of immunity after vaccination is controversial; outbreaks have occurred in vaccinated animals. The disease is also of public health significance as it causes infection in human beings. Keywords

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“…One the one hand, the protein of interest can be directly investigated by using protein-specific antibodies and (confocal laser scanning) fluorescence microscopy as e.g. shown for Golgi-localized proteins [43]. Many researchers use proteins fused to GFP or RFP reporters to visualize their intracellular traffic directly [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A strategy for cell-based multiplex diagnostics of Myasthenia gravis and autoimmune encephalitis by modifying the subcellular localization of cell membrane autoantigens

George

Georgi

Roggenbuck

et al. 2014

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation

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Many autoimmune diseases are characterized by autoantibodies directed against cell membrane proteins. We were intrigued to develop a strategy for targeting individual cell membrane proteins to various subcellular compartments as a prerequisite for their simultaneous immunofluorescence detection. We first employed GFP and RFP reporters that were equipped with defined intracellular localization signals. Expressing these protein reporters in HEp-2 cells we found by using fluorescence microscopy that protein localization in cytoplasm or at mitochondria can be clearly discriminated from localization at Golgi, ER or lysosomes. We then tested for muscle-specific kinase, a relevant cell membrane autoantigen in Myasthenia gravis, and NMDA receptor which is relevant for autoimmune encephalitis, whether these autoantigens can be localized to the same intracellular compartments. To this end, we successfully targeted muscle-specific kinase to Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and cytoplasm. We found that its Golgi localization can be clearly distinguished from its natural cell membrane localization. The same we found for Golgi-localized NMDA receptor 1. Interestingly, cell membrane proteins kept at the Golgi system accumulated in higher amounts than their wild-type counterparts. The obtained results are the basis for the further development of multiplex assays for the immunofluorescence diagnostics of Myasthenia gravis and autoimmune encephalitis.

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Orf virus interferes with MHC class I surface expression by targeting vesicular transport and Golgi

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Organelle dynamics and viral infections: at cross roads

Organelle dynamics and viral infections: at cross roads

Contagious Pustular Dermatitis (Orf Disease) - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Control and Public Health Concerns

A strategy for cell-based multiplex diagnostics of Myasthenia gravis and autoimmune encephalitis by modifying the subcellular localization of cell membrane autoantigens

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