2021
DOI: 10.3390/insects12121106
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Organic Control Strategies for Use in IPM of Invertebrate Pests in Apple and Pear Orchards

Abstract: Growers of organic tree fruit face challenges in controlling some pests more easily suppressed by broad-spectrum insecticides in conventionally managed orchards. In recent decades, there has been a move towards organically growing varieties normally reliant on synthetic chemical pesticides (e.g., Gala), often to meet retailer/consumer demands. This inevitably makes crop protection in organic orchards more challenging, as modern varieties can be less tolerant to pests. In addition, there have been substantial r… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(21 citation statements)
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References 210 publications
(238 reference statements)
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“…But, (137), differentiated 475 genotypes of apples and these were distinguished based on multi-locus microsatellite variation. Within the different apple varieties, spread of insect pests in different places underlies their abundance and distribution in space and time, hence, the extent of damages inflicted on crops (121). But, some plants have the capacity to resist pest attacks.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 2 more Smart Citations
“…But, (137), differentiated 475 genotypes of apples and these were distinguished based on multi-locus microsatellite variation. Within the different apple varieties, spread of insect pests in different places underlies their abundance and distribution in space and time, hence, the extent of damages inflicted on crops (121). But, some plants have the capacity to resist pest attacks.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…So, its parasitoid larva emerges and fed on the host's body contents, and finally killed it. Furthermore, (121), said that, predatory mites were widely used in crop protection, though, not common in unprotected crops. However, predicting effects of biological agents before they are released was very difficult.…”
Section: Biological Controlsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Hoverfly and ladybird eggs and larvae ( Figure 2 c) increased in orchards near floral strips, whereas aphid attended by ants significantly decreased with the distance to flower strips. It is hypothesized that by providing alternative sugar resources, flower strips could distract ants from protecting rosy apple aphid attendance and reduce aphid abundance through increased predation by natural enemies [ 92 , 93 ].…”
Section: Do Distance From the Crop And Edge Impact The Effectiveness ...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Zabrodina et al (2020) call the apple blossom weevil “one of the most harmful insects in horticulture” and report yield losses for Russia and the Ukraine of 50–100 %. The increasing pest status of A. pomorum poses a serious threat to organic apple orchards and integrated pest management (IPM) systems currently in use in European apple orchards ( Miñarro & García, 2018 ; Shaw, Nagy & Fountain, 2021 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%