Organic Dyes and Pigments

Clarke, Eric A.; Anliker, R.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-38522-6_7

Cited by 189 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Food dyes may give the impression of being tastier, but a major watch dog group says they cause numerous health problems and are trying to draw attention of the government to disallow them. It has been investigated that even not only the degradation products of these dyes but also the synthetic precursors and intermediates could be highly dangerous due to their toxic and carcinogenic nature (Clarke and Anliker, 1980). The majority of dyes could be an origin of allergic reactions, eczema, skin dermatoses (Nikulina et al, 1995), affect the liver (Jaskot and Costa, 1994;Nikulina et al, 1995), the lungs (Ballantyne, 1994), the vascocirculatory system (Przybojewska, 1996), the reproductive system (Eastin et al, 1996;Nikulina et al, 1995) and the immune system (Ng, 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The majority of dyes could be an origin of allergic reactions, eczema, skin dermatoses (Nikulina et al, 1995), affect the liver (Jaskot and Costa, 1994;Nikulina et al, 1995), the lungs (Ballantyne, 1994), the vascocirculatory system (Przybojewska, 1996), the reproductive system (Eastin et al, 1996;Nikulina et al, 1995) and the immune system (Ng, 1995). While dyes of aromatic structures (Clarke and Anliker, 1980), which contain azo linkage, amino or nitro groups are cancer causing (Dipple and Bigger, 1991) in experimental animals as well as for humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Estimation of Para Red Dye in Chilli Powder and Tomato Sauces by a Simple Spectrophotmetric Method followed by Thin layer Chromatography

Mustafa¹,

Khan²,

Sultana³

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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A number of grinded chilli powder samples and tomato sauce samples were collected from various localities of Karachi city. All the samples were estimated for the presence of para red which is an azo dye and more specifically belongs from the group of sudan dyes. According to the regulation of various governmental agencies its use in food is strictly prohibited because of its ability to form carcinogenic compounds. Although there were a number of sophisticated chromatographic methods for the estimation of this dye but we developed here a simple, convenient, expeditious spectrophotometric method followed by thin layer chromatography technique and compared the results by single point and multiple point external standard methods. On the basis of these results we also specify the localities of Karachi city where the contamination is more prominent. © JASEM

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confidence: 99%

Estimation of Para Red Dye in Chilli Powder and Tomato Sauces by a Simple Spectrophotmetric Method followed by Thin layer Chromatography

Mustafa¹,

Khan²,

Sultana³

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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“…They are the largest and most versatile class of dyes, and more than half of the annually produced dyes (estimated for 1994 worldwide as about 1 million tons) are azo dyes. Presumably more than 2,000 different azo dyes are currently used for the dyeing of various materials such as textiles, leather, plastics, cosmetics, and food (2,9,11,36,50).Azo dyes are generally considered to be xenobiotic compounds which are rather recalcitrant against biodegradative processes in conventional sewage treatment systems (33,40). Nevertheless, during the last years it has been demonstrated that several microorganisms are able to transform azo dyes to noncolored products or even mineralize them completely under certain environmental conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Gene Coding for the Aerobic Azoreductase from Xenophilus azovorans KF46F

Blümel

Knackmuss

Stolz

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

147

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The gene coding for an aerobic azoreductase was cloned from Xenophilus azovorans KF46F (formerly Pseudomonas sp. strain KF46F), which was previously shown to grow with the carboxylated azo compound 1-(4-carboxyphenylazo)-2-naphthol (carboxy-Orange II) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded a protein with a molecular weight of 30,278 and showed no significant homology to amino acid sequences currently deposited at the relevant data bases. A presumed NAD(P)H-binding site was identified in the amino-terminal region of the azoreductase. The enzyme was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and the azoreductase activities of resting cells and cell extracts were compared. The results suggested that whole cells of the recombinant E. coli strains were unable to take up sulfonated azo dyes and therefore did not show in vivo azoreductase activity. The turnover of several industrially relevant azo dyes by cell extracts from the recombinant E. coli strain was demonstrated.Azo dyes are characterized by the presence of one or more azo groups (-NAN-). They are the largest and most versatile class of dyes, and more than half of the annually produced dyes (estimated for 1994 worldwide as about 1 million tons) are azo dyes. Presumably more than 2,000 different azo dyes are currently used for the dyeing of various materials such as textiles, leather, plastics, cosmetics, and food (2,9,11,36,50).Azo dyes are generally considered to be xenobiotic compounds which are rather recalcitrant against biodegradative processes in conventional sewage treatment systems (33,40). Nevertheless, during the last years it has been demonstrated that several microorganisms are able to transform azo dyes to noncolored products or even mineralize them completely under certain environmental conditions. There are numerous reports which describe the reductive cleavage of azo dyes under anaerobic conditions which result in the decolorization of azo dyes. These reactions usually occur with rather low specific activities but are extremely unspecific with regard to the organisms involved and the dyes converted. In these unspecific anaerobic processes very often low-molecular-weight redox mediators (e.g., flavins or quinones) are involved (10,22,24,35,42).Some aerobic biotransformations of azo dyes by fungi and bacteria are also known. Thus, various lignolytic fungi were shown to decolorize azo dyes using ligninases, manganese peroxidases, or laccases (8). Only very few aerobic bacteria which can grow with azo compounds have been described. The ability of bacteria to grow with simple carboxylated azo compounds as the sole source of carbon and energy was shown first by Overney (32) who isolated a "Flavobacterium" which was able to grow aerobically with the model compound 4,4Ј-dicarboxyazobenzene. In subsequent work, it was shown that 4,4Ј-dicarboxyazobenzene-degrading mixed bacterial cultures could be adapted after prolonged continuous cultivation for several hundreds of generations under nonsterile conditions to t...

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“…Among the different removal processes, adsorption techniques found to be most effective for wastewater treatment which industries utilizes for the reduction of toxic organic/inorganic pollutants from the effluent [24][25]. Various adsorbents such as activated carbon [26], flyash [27], zeolite [28], gulmohar [29], walnutshell [30], etc. are used for the removal of different kind of dyes available in the wastewater from textile industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosorption of Methylene Blue dye using low cost Azadirachta indica adsorbent in Batch Process

Goswami¹,

Upadhyaya²,

Meher³

2018

IJCTR

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:In the present study, methylene blue (MB) dye was removed by Azadirachta indica which was prepared using raw Neem leaves through successive unit operation in a batch process. The effect of various operating parameters like inlet concentration of MB dye, adsorbent dose, pH of solution, and contact time were studied on percentage removal of MB dye. It was observed that the percentage removal increased on increasing the adsorbent dose, pH and contact time. However, it decreases on increasing the dye concentration. The maximum removal was found to be 93.11 % at 1 gmof NLP dose under 180 minute of contact time for 10 mg/l MB dye solution. Moreover, various isotherm models viz Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin were fitted through regression on batch experimental data and it was found that Freundlich isotherm model best fits since the value of R 2 (0.996) is maximum as compare R 2 value of other models. Further, the unsteady state kinetic models were fitted on experimental data for understanding the phenomena of type of adsorption and it was observed that Pseudo second order model was in close agreement with experimental data .The theoretical equilibrium adsorption capacity was also found to be well validated with experimental equilibrium adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of NLP adsorbent was found to be 5.7 mg adsorbate adsorb/gm of adsorbent. The SEM images of new brand prepared adsorbent and used adsorbent after 180 minute of contact time shows that the NLP is an effective adsorbent for MB dye removal.

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Organic Dyes and Pigments

Cited by 189 publications

References 62 publications

Estimation of Para Red Dye in Chilli Powder and Tomato Sauces by a Simple Spectrophotmetric Method followed by Thin layer Chromatography

Estimation of Para Red Dye in Chilli Powder and Tomato Sauces by a Simple Spectrophotmetric Method followed by Thin layer Chromatography

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Gene Coding for the Aerobic Azoreductase from Xenophilus azovorans KF46F

Biosorption of Methylene Blue dye using low cost Azadirachta indica adsorbent in Batch Process

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