Organic factors in hyperkinesis: A critical evaluation.

Dubey, Dennis R.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1976.tb00934.x

Cited by 57 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…3This research was approved by the University of Florida Human Subjects Committee. The ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) level of FD&C Yellow #5 is 7.5 mg/kg (Noonan, 1972 (Dubey, 1976;Feingold, 1975aFeingold, , 1976Keogh, 1971;Knobel, 1962;Laufer and renhoff, 1957;Marwit and Stenner, 1972) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Functional Relationship Between Artificial Food Colors and Hyperactivity

Rose

1978

J of App Behav Analysis

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The presence of a functional relationship between the ingestion of artificial food colors and an increase in the frequency and/or duration of selected behaviors that are representative of the hyperactive behavior syndrome was experimentally investigated. Two eight-year-old females, who had been on the Feingold K-P diet for a minimum of 11 months, were the subjects studied. The experimental design was a variation of the BAB design, with double-blind conditions. This design allowed an experimental analysis of the placebo phases as well as challenge phases. Data were obtained by trained observers on Out of Seat, On Task, and Physically Aggressive behaviors, as they occurred in the subjects' regular class setting. Results indicated (a) the existence of a functional relationship between the ingestion of artificial food colors and an increase in both the duration and frequency of hyperactive behaviors, (b) the absence of a placebo effect, and (c) differential sensitivity of the dependent variables to the challenge effects.DESCRIPTORS: food additives, dietary management, hyperactive childrenCertain relationships between diet and the physiological health of the body are fairly well understood. Questions, however, are often raised about the dlet's effect on psychological or behavioral manifestations. Recently, Feingold presented a theory that attributes the behavioral syndrome of hyperactivity to the ingestion of t"salicylate-like" natural compounds in foods and artificial flavors and colors. As a treatment for hyperactivity, Feingold (1975bhyperactivity, Feingold ( , 1976 prescribed the K-P diet, which eliminates a wide variety of natural and processed foods, specifically those containing naturally occurring salicylates, e.g., apples, berries, pork, and tomatoes, and all artificial flavors and colors, as well as various items containing artificial flavors and colors, e.g., toothpastes, flavored medications, and mouthwashes. Feingold (1973Feingold ( , 1975a

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Functional Relationship Between Artificial Food Colors and Hyperactivity

Rose

1978

J of App Behav Analysis

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“…Coleman (1971) and Rapaport, Quinn, Scribanu, & Murphy (1974) adopted the alternative strategy of measuring blood platelet serotonin levels in hyperactive and control children. Although Coleman did find low levels of platelet serotonin in the hyperactive group, these levels were not unlike those of nonhyperactive children who were undergoing stress (Dubey, 1976). Rapaport et al (1974) found no hyperactive vs. control differences and, further, found no connection between clinical response to drug therapy and serotonin levels.…”

Section: Critique Of Wender's Positioementioning

confidence: 96%

Biological factors in childhood hyperkinesis: A review of genetic and biochemical hypotheses

McMahon

1981

J. Clin. Psychol.

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Reviewed research related to prevailing hypotheses with regard to the influence of genetic and biochemical factors in childhood hyperkinesis. Studies focused on establishing the influence of genetic factors are methodologically weak but consistently suggest that genetic transmission is a plausible, if incomplete, explanation in some cases. Studies that involve attempts to understand the underlying biochemical mechanisms of hyperactivity by studying the relationships among behavior patterns, psychophysiological measures, and variations in monamine levels have been disappointing.

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“…While some interesting research is going on in this area, it is important to note from the outset that no valid predictive index has yet been demonstrated (Barkley, 1976). As indicated above, a critical problem in this connection is that of objectively demonstrating that the drug has produced major effects (Dubey, 1976;McMahon & Greenberg, 1977). Another critical problem is that of finding sufficient numbers of children who perform in comparable ways on potential predictor variables.…”

Section: What Variables Predict Drug Effects?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulant Drugs and Learning Problems

Adelman

Compas

1977

J Spec Educ

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This review of stimulant drug research highlights the perennial problem of experimental procedures being prematurely applied despite a lack of proven treatment efficacy. This intriguing area of research is summarized as it relates to learning problems. Critical analysis indicates (a) no satisfactory support for the efficacy of stimulants in improving academic learning and performance or behavior problems, and (b) no data regarding the possibility of long-term negative side effects. Thus, widespread use of drugs for learning problems is seen as premature and, until possible side effects are clarified, perhaps dangerous. Amphetamines adminis-tered to persons with learning problems are seen as producing the common effects usually attributed to such stimulants. These include mild to moderate improvement in nonacademic performance, concomitant reductions in activity, and shortening of response latency on tasks characterized as repetitious, mechanical, regulated by an external agent, and requiring concentration and sustained performance. Evidence has not clarified the generalizability or state dependency of such effects. Complex behavior, such as reasoning, problem solving, and socioemotional functioning, do not seem affected.

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Organic factors in hyperkinesis: A critical evaluation.

Cited by 57 publications

References 43 publications

The Functional Relationship Between Artificial Food Colors and Hyperactivity

The Functional Relationship Between Artificial Food Colors and Hyperactivity

Biological factors in childhood hyperkinesis: A review of genetic and biochemical hypotheses

Stimulant Drugs and Learning Problems

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