Organic- inorganic nanoparticle composite as an electron injection/hole blocking layer in organic light emitting diodes for large area lighting applications

Kumar, Rachith Shanivarasanthe Nithyananda; Breugelmans, Robbe; Jiang, Xue; Ahadzadeh, Shabnam; Brammertz, Guy; Verding, Pieter; Daenen, Michaël; Landeghem, Melissa Van; Cambré, Sofie; Vandewal, Koen; Deferme, Wim

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157548

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 80 publications

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“…These properties enable them to have a wide range of applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices, such as diodes. For instance, zinc oxide (ZnO)-based LEDs have been developed through research, rare-earth free tunable LEDs, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) like gallium-doped ZnO thin films (TFs), ethoxylated polyethylenimine (PEIE) and ZnO at PEIE-ZnO as functional layers for OLEDs, ZnO:Gd 3+ /Yb 3+ as an emissive layer in LEDs, perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs), PeLEDs utilizing ZnO as an electron-transporting layer (ETLs)m, and AlGaN like deep ultraviolet LEDs, among others. Semiconductors are also used as potentiometers in the automotive sector, as a portable semiconductor refrigeration device, as well as in thin-film transistors (TFTs), which are of high interest for further investigation and application due to their ease of fabrication .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of a Semiconductor Diodic Bilayer PbS/CdS Made by the Chemical Bath Deposition Technique

Encinas-Terán,

Pineda-León,

Gómez-Colín

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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In this work, we report a heterojunction formed by a PbS/CdS bilayer using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique because it is a relatively simple, fast, and low-cost technique; is permitted to obtain highquality thin films (TFs); and also covers large areas. Some characterizations have been carried out to confirm the identity of the involved bilayer. For the cadmium sulfide (CdS) film, optical properties such as absorption, transmission, reflection, extinction coefficient, and refractive index were measured. Moreover, the bandgap was calculated, and morphology was obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed for the synthesis of CdS films. On the other hand, for the synthesis of lead sulfide (PbS) films, we performed TEM, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and XRD. A surface morphological SEM image of the PbS film synthesized was also taken. The multiheterojunction PbS/CdS bilayer was characterized by the current−voltage (I−V) curve, and the behavior of the bilayer was evaluated under the conditions of darkness and controlled fixed lighting, detecting a very slight photosensitivity of the complete diodic device through those measurements. The calculated bandgap for the CdS TF was E g = 2.55 eV, while after a chosen thermal annealing, the bandgap decreased to 2.38 eV. On the other hand, the PbS film presented a cubic structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of a Semiconductor Diodic Bilayer PbS/CdS Made by the Chemical Bath Deposition Technique

Encinas-Terán,

Pineda-León,

Gómez-Colín

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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PbS QDs and rGO-decorated PbS QDs induced optical properties variations on P3HT:PC61BM composite thin films

El-Khalawany,

Zidan,

Zedan

et al. 2024

Appl. Phys. A

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PbS QDs and PbS QDs decorated with reduced graphene (rGO) are prepared by hot-injection method using PbO and hexamethyldisilathiane (HMDS) as Pb and S sources, respectively. PbS QDs and PbS QDs:rGO are used as an addition to poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM) composite. The effect of their addition on the morphological, topographical and optical properties of spin-coated P3HT:PC61BM thin films are investigated. These additions tune the films to be more homogenous and more flatness as investigated in terms of field scanning electron microscope. The topographical properties of the films are explored by atomic force microscope. The results show decreasing in the grain size and the surface roughness in P3HT:PbSQDs:PC61BM film compared to other composites films. The optical properties of the films are studied over the spectral range 200–2500 nm. On one hand, the absorption coefficient of different films is computed and the optical band gap of the films is found to decrease after addition of PbS QDs and PbS QDs:rGO. On the other hand, the refractive index of the films is explained according to the single-oscillator model to get the dispersion parameters. In addition, the lattice dielectric constant and the ratio of the free-carriers concertation to their effective mass are evaluated.

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Interfacial Metal Chlorides as a Tool to Enhance Charge Carrier Dynamics, Electroluminescence, and Overall Efficiency of Organic Optoelectronic Devices

Ahadzadeh,

de la Fuente,

Hamed

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Interface engineering is the key to optimizing optoelectronic device performance, addressing challenges like reducing potential barriers, passivating interface traps, and controlling recombination of charges. Metal fluorides such as lithium fluoride are employed in interface modification within organic devices due to their strong dipole characteristics but carry health risks, high processing costs, and minimal impact on interface traps in organic electronics. Hence, this study investigates alternative metal chloride (MC) nanocrystals (sodium, cesium, rubidium, and potassium chlorides) that exhibit a strong dipole moment and are readily processable with the aim of reducing the influence of interface traps. Interfacial properties are assessed via various techniques, including electron paramagnetic resonance, Xray/ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, capacitance−voltage measurements, and density functional theory calculations. In organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), the influence of MC on charge transfer, trap density, and light emission properties is evaluated. MCs in ZnO:PEIE nanocomposites (NCs) show improved charge transport, accelerated trapping/detrapping in ZnO:PEIE NCs, and a 50% reduction in active traps in NaCl-based devices versus the reference without MCs. RbCl-, CsCl-, and NaCl-based OLEDs exhibit substantial reductions in the potential barrier between the electron injection layer and the metal contact (Al) from 4.43 to 2.93, 3.02, and 4 eV, respectively, accompanied by enhancements of 35, 27, and 25% in electroluminescence intensity.

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Organic- inorganic nanoparticle composite as an electron injection/hole blocking layer in organic light emitting diodes for large area lighting applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 80 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of a Semiconductor Diodic Bilayer PbS/CdS Made by the Chemical Bath Deposition Technique

Synthesis and Characterization of a Semiconductor Diodic Bilayer PbS/CdS Made by the Chemical Bath Deposition Technique

PbS QDs and rGO-decorated PbS QDs induced optical properties variations on P3HT:PC61BM composite thin films

Interfacial Metal Chlorides as a Tool to Enhance Charge Carrier Dynamics, Electroluminescence, and Overall Efficiency of Organic Optoelectronic Devices

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