Organic nitrogen deposition on land and coastal environments: a review of methods and data

Cornell, SE; Jickells, Tim; Cape, J. N.; Rowland, A. P.; Duce, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00133-x

Cited by 373 publications

(291 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The isotopic ratio for 104/106 does not support the identification of the peak at mlz = 104 as K 2C N-a peak observed in previous studies by our group (Silva and Prather 2000). Possible sources for the amines and nitrogen-containing organic species include (I ) swine and/or poultry farms, (2) combustion activities, (3) synthetic or natural fertilizers, (4) sea spray, and (5) reactions of NO, with biogenic compounds (Cornell et al 2003). It should be noted that North Carolina is known to have high concentrations of ammonia and other nitrogen-containing organic compounds due to large swine and poultry operations (Robarge et al 2002;Walker et al 2000).…”

Section: Atof Ms Chemicalanalysiscontrasting

confidence: 67%

Characterization of an Ambient Coarse Particle Concentrator Used for Human Exposure Studies: Aerosol Size Distributions, Chemical Composition, and Concentration Enrichment

Moffet

Shields

Berntsen³

et al. 2004

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The goals of the experiments described herein involve determining in real time the size, concentration enrichment, and chemical composition of coarse-mode (> 2.5 j.tm) and fine-mode « 2.5 j.tm) particles within the nonconcentrated and concentrated flows of a coa rse particle concentrator used for human exposure studies. The coarse particle concentrator was intended to concentrate ambient particles in the PM IO -2 . 5 size range before sending them into a human exposure chamber. The aerodynamic size and chemical composition of particles in the upstream and downstream flows of the concentrator were monitored with an aerosol time-of-f1ight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) for fixed time intervals over the course of three days. Based on the ATOFMS results , it was found that there was no change in the composition of the ten major particle types observed in the upstream and downstream flows of the concentrator under normal operating conditions. Furthermore , no new particle types were detected downstream that were not detected upstream of the concentrator. A characterization of the aerosol chemical composition and its dependence on sampling conditions is also discussed. Aerosol size distributions were measured with three aerodynamic particle-sizing (APS) instruments All members of the Prather research group at UCSD were extremely helpful during every stage of this study. David Kosnikowski for TRC Environmental gave assistance in operating the coarse concentrator used in this study. The research presented is supported by the University of Rochester EPA PM Center under grant R827354. This report has been reviewed by the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Agency nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.Address correspondence to Kimberly A. Prather, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-03 14, USA. E-mail: kprather@ucsd.edu sampling simulta neously from different regions of the concentrator. The APS size distributions were used to scale ATOFMS data and measure the ambient concentration factors for the coarse particle concentrator and the exposure chamber. The average concentration factor (ratio of inlet number concentration to the outlet number concentration) for the particle concentrator was 60 ± 17 for the 2.5-7.2 j.tm size range before dilution and transport to th e exposure chamber. It was obser ved that not only were coarse particles being concentrated but fine « 2.5 j.tm ) particles were being concentrated as well, with concentration factors ranging from 2-46 for aerodynamic particle sizes from 0.54-2.5 um,

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Section: Atof Ms Chemicalanalysiscontrasting

confidence: 67%

Characterization of an Ambient Coarse Particle Concentrator Used for Human Exposure Studies: Aerosol Size Distributions, Chemical Composition, and Concentration Enrichment

Moffet

Shields

Berntsen³

et al. 2004

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition plays a relatively small but perhaps not negligible role in high-latitude regions (Woodin and Marquiss 1997) and a relative increase in ammonium compared to amino acids in tundra soils could potentially reduce the advantage of amino acid uptake as reported here. There is recent evidence that anthropogenic N deposition in lower-latitude regions also contains an organic fraction, including amino acids (Cornell et al 2003, Forsum et al 2006, and it would be interesting to investigate whether this could be of any consequence to the nitrogen nutrition of higher-latitude bryophytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid uptake among wide-ranging moss species may contribute to their strong position in higher-latitude ecosystems

Krab¹,

Cornelissen²,

Lang³

et al. 2008

Plant Soil

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Plants that can take up amino acids directly from the soil solution may have a competitive advantage in ecosystems where inorganic nitrogen sources are scarce. We hypothesized that diverse mosses in cold, N-stressed ecosystems share this ability. We experimentally tested 11 sub-arctic Swedish moss species of wide-ranging taxa and growth form for their ability to take up double labelled ( 15 N and 13 C) glycine and aspartic acid in a laboratory setup as well as in a realistic field setting. All species were able to take up amino acids injected into the soil solution to some extent, although field uptake was marginal to absent for the endohydric Polytrichum commune. The 11 moss species on average took up 36±5% of the injected glycine and 18±2% of the aspartic acid in the lab experiment. Field uptake of both glycine (24± 5%) and aspartic acid (10±2%) was lower than in the lab. Overall differences in uptake amongst species appeared to be positively associated with habitat wetness and/or turf density among different Sphagnum species and among non-Sphagnum species, respectively. Species from habitats of lower inorganic N availability, as indicated tentatively by lower tissue N concentrations, showed relatively strong amino acid uptake, but this was only significant for the field uptake among non-Sphagnum mosses. Further experiments are needed to test for consistent differences in amino acid uptake capacity among species and functional groups as determined by their functional traits, and to test how the affinity of cold-biome mosses for amino acids compares to that for ammonium or nitrate. Still, our results support the view that widespread moss species in cold, N-stressed ecosystems may derive a significant proportion of their nitrogen demand from free amino acids. This might give them a competitive advantage over plants that depend strongly on inorganic N sources.

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“…This holds true also of the studies mentioned above. Not even did Krupa's comprehensive review, published in 2002, cover the analysis of organic nitrogen in precipitation (describing only determination of total amines) in spite of the fact that nitrogen incorporated into organic compounds can contribute to a relatively large portion of the total nitrogen deposition budget (Neff et al 2002;Cornell et al 2003). One of the causes of a difference between well mapped inorganic nitrogen deposition fluxes and only fragmentary information on organic nitrogen deposition could be the fact that organic nitrogen in water samples cannot be measured directly.…”

Section: Institute Of Forest Ecology Faculty Of Forestry and Wood Tementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the causes of a difference between well mapped inorganic nitrogen deposition fluxes and only fragmentary information on organic nitrogen deposition could be the fact that organic nitrogen in water samples cannot be measured directly. It is neither a single compound nor a single class of compounds but it includes a complex mixture of compounds of various origin: natural (amino acids, urea, amines - Cornell et al [2003], macromolecular humic-like substances - Kieber et al [2005]), anthropogenic (nitrophenols - [Lüttke et al 1997]) or mixed origin (organic nitrates are formed as a result of photochemical reactions of NO x with volatile anthropogenic or biogenic organic carbon compounds - Cornell et al [2003], Altieri et al [2009]). The only way to determine the amount of organic nitrogen in an aqueous sample is to measure separately amounts of nitrate, ammonium and total nitrogen and to calculate the amount of organic nitrogen as the difference between the total nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen concentrations in the sample.…”

Section: Institute Of Forest Ecology Faculty Of Forestry and Wood Tementioning

confidence: 99%

Organic and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation and in forest throughfall at Bílý Kříž site (Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic)

Drápelová¹

2012

J. For. Sci.

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Organic nitrogen is an important but yet not very well explored component of nitrogen deposition. In this study concentrations and fluxes of organic and inorganic nitrogen in bulk precipitation in an open field (BOF) and in throughfall (THR) were evaluated at the Bílý Kříž experimental site (Moravian-Silesian Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic, 908 m a.s.l.) with a young Norway spruce stand. The results of a two-year study (2008 and 2009) were compared with the results obtained during the same time period on forest plots included in ICP Forests Programme in the Czech Republic. Total nitrogen deposition in BOF at the Bílý Kříž site amounted to about 918 mg·m–2·a–1, the contribution of organic nitrogen was about 8%. Total nitrogen flux with THR at Bílý Kříž was about 1,305 mg·m–2·a–1 during the studied years and organic N accounted for 12% of this amount. The ranges of the two-year average values found for total nitrogen flux on ICP Forests plots throughout the Czech Republic were as follows: 759–1,857 mg N·m–2·a–1 with 7–38% contribution of organic N in BOF and 928–3,816 mg N·m–2·a–1 with 7–20% contribution of organic N in THR. The share of organic nitrogen in THR nitrogen fluxes at Bílý Kříž proved clear seasonality with maxima in July. A highly significant correlation between N-NH4+   and N-NO3–   concentrations in BOF suggested the common anthropogenic source of these substances at the Bílý Kříž site. No significant correlation was found either between organic N and N-NH4+ or between organic N and N-NO3– concentrations in BOF. Cumulative deposition charts showed different behaviour of particular nitrogen deposition components while passing through the canopy.

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Organic nitrogen deposition on land and coastal environments: a review of methods and data

Cited by 373 publications

References 148 publications

Characterization of an Ambient Coarse Particle Concentrator Used for Human Exposure Studies: Aerosol Size Distributions, Chemical Composition, and Concentration Enrichment

Characterization of an Ambient Coarse Particle Concentrator Used for Human Exposure Studies: Aerosol Size Distributions, Chemical Composition, and Concentration Enrichment

Amino acid uptake among wide-ranging moss species may contribute to their strong position in higher-latitude ecosystems

Organic and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation and in forest throughfall at Bílý Kříž site (Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic)

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