Organic nitrogen in precipitation over Eastern North America

Keene, W. C.; Montag, J.A.; Maben, J. R.; Southwell, Melissa W.; Leonard, Jill B.K.; Church, Thomas M.; Moody, J. L.; Galloway, James N.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00403-x

Cited by 79 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The reactive nitrogen concentrations in precipitation observed in this study are generally at the upper end of the range of literature values reported for coastal sites globally over the past decade (Keene et al, 2002;Luo et al, 2002;Mace et al, 2003b;Kieber et al, 2005;Calderon et al, 2007;Violaki et al, 2010;Cape et al, 2011;Zamora et al, 2011). However, much higher concentrations have been found in rainwater over coastal areas of China, which were attributed to significant pollution associated with the rapid economic development Zhang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Concentrations and Speciationsupporting

confidence: 59%

Sources and fluxes of organic nitrogen in precipitation over the southern East Sea/Sea of Japan

Yan

Kim

2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We measured total dissolved reactive nitrogen in precipitation samples collected at Uljin, a Korean coastal site upwind of the southern East Sea/Sea of Japan (EJS), selected as a representative study site of atmospheric deposition over the northwestern Pacific margin. NO − 3 was found to be the most abundant nitrogen species, followed by NH + 4 and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Air-mass back-trajectory (AMBT) analysis revealed that a significant fraction of the inorganic nitrogen (NO − 3 and NH + 4 ) originated from mainland Asia, whereas the DON was primarily derived from Korea. Using varimax-rotated factor analysis in combination with major ions as tracers, agricultural activities in Korea were identified as the primary sources of DON in these samples. In addition, a positive correlation was found at Uljin between the size of organic fraction in total reactive nitrogen and nitrogen to carbon atomic ratio in organic matter. This correlation has also been observed at other locations worldwide, implying the utilization potential of atmospheric organic nitrogen might increase with its proportion in total nitrogen. Combining wet deposition measurements in this study with literature values for dry deposition observed at a remote island in the EJS, the total atmospheric depositional flux of reactive nitrogen was estimated to be 115 mmol N m −2 yr −1 over the southern EJS. Our study sheds new light on the potentially significant contribution to primary productivity of the northwestern Pacific Ocean by atmospheric deposition of nitrogen, especially the organic fraction.

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Section: Concentrations and Speciationsupporting

confidence: 59%

Sources and fluxes of organic nitrogen in precipitation over the southern East Sea/Sea of Japan

Yan

Kim

2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Atmospheric N deposition (inorganic, wet plus dry) is approximately 700-800 kg N km Ϫ2 yr Ϫ1 (Ollinger et al 1993). Organic N wet deposition is assumed to be a minor component (Ͻ5%) of total N deposition in eastern North America (Keene et al 2002), although some studies in northeastern U.S. watersheds have considered DON to be as high as 15%-30% of N deposition (Boyer et al 2002). Land use in the Ipswich River watershed (in 1999) is 37% forest, 35% urban, 7% agricultural, and 16% wetlands.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of wetlands and developed land use on dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations and DON/TDN in northeastern U.S. rivers and streams

Pellerin

Wollheim

Hopkinson

et al. 2004

Limnology & Oceanography

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Previous studies have shown that watersheds with significant human development (i.e., urban and agricultural land use) generally have higher concentrations and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in comparison to less-developed or forested watersheds. However, the impact of watershed development on dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations in drainage waters has received little attention. We present data from 39 watersheds in Massachusetts (Ipswich River watershed) encompassing a gradient of developed land use (0%-92% urban plus agriculture) and wetland abundance (0%-32%) to assess controls on mean annual DON concentrations and DON/ total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in drainage waters. In addition, we compiled published data from 119 northeastern U.S. watersheds to evaluate broader-scale relationships between DON, developed land use, and wetlands. The percentage of developed land is a poor predictor of DON concentrations in the Ipswich watersheds (r 2 ϭ 0.09) and the compiled dataset (r 2 ϭ 0.27). In contrast, wetland percentage explains 56% of the variability in DON concentrations in the Ipswich watersheds, and 60% when all literature data are included. Excluding watersheds with direct wastewater inputs to surface waters improves the regional relationship significantly (r 2 ϭ 0.79). The DON : TDN ratio is best explained by a multiple regression of wetland percentage and developed land use percentage for both the Ipswich watersheds (r 2 ϭ 0.73) and the compiled dataset (r 2 ϭ 0.50). Watersheds with abundant wetlands may therefore have high DON concentrations and DON : TDN ratios despite elevated anthropogenic nitrogen inputs associated with human development.Humans have significantly altered the global nitrogen (N) cycle in the temperate northeastern United States (Howarth 1 Corresponding author (Brian.Pellerin@unh.edu) (603) 862-4054, Fax: (603) 862-0587. AcknowledgmentsWe thank Joe Vallino, Ed Rastetter, and Luc Claussens for Ipswich River watershed sample collection and analysis, and Keith Robinson for NECB data. We also thank John Aber, Steve Frolking, Steven Hamilton, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.

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“…To avoid introducing biasing the data toward higher values by systematically removing low values, we include all DOP values, even those below the MDL (similarly to Keene et al [2002]). Organic P in aerosol samples was not measured because of high-filter blanks.…”

Section: Sample and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric P deposition to the subtropical North Atlantic: sources, properties, and relationship to N deposition

et al. 2013

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[1] Biogeochemical studies show that the surface waters of the subtropical North Atlantic are highly phosphorus (P) stressed. Human activity may exacerbate phosphorus stress by enhancing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and raising N/P ratios in deposition. However, the magnitude of this effect is unclear, in part, because atmospherically deposited phosphorus sources are not well known, particularly the contribution from organic phosphorus. Here we report measurements of phosphorus in aerosols and wet deposition at Miami and Barbados. African dust is the major aerosol P source at both Miami and Barbados, containing~880 ppm total phosphorus and~70 ppm soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). Organic compounds contribute, on average, 28%-44% of soluble phosphorus in precipitation. Because of dust transport seasonality, phosphorus inputs to the North Atlantic are expected to be highly variable with 2-10 times more P deposition during summer than winter. Pollution is also an important contributor to total and soluble phosphorus in Miami aerosols and deposition. Estimated SRP deposition in Barbados and Miami is 0.21 and 0.13 mmol m À2 d À1 phosphorus, respectively. Inorganic nitrogen in excess of Redfield ratio expectations in deposition was very different between the sites, totaling 21-30 and 127-132 mmol m À2 d À1 nitrogen in Barbados and Miami, respectively; the high deposition rates at Miami are linked to pollutants. Including soluble organic nitrogen and phosphorus halved the estimates of excess nitrogen in Barbados wet deposition. Thus, the organic phosphorus fraction is important in the assessment of the magnitude of biogeochemical change of the North Atlantic caused by atmospheric deposition.Citation: Zamora, L. M., J. M. Prospero, D. A. Hansell, and J. M. Trapp (2013), Atmospheric P deposition to the subtropical North Atlantic: sources, properties, and relationship to N deposition,

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Organic nitrogen in precipitation over Eastern North America

Cited by 79 publications

References 35 publications

Sources and fluxes of organic nitrogen in precipitation over the southern East Sea/Sea of Japan

Sources and fluxes of organic nitrogen in precipitation over the southern East Sea/Sea of Japan

Role of wetlands and developed land use on dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations and DON/TDN in northeastern U.S. rivers and streams

Atmospheric P deposition to the subtropical North Atlantic: sources, properties, and relationship to N deposition

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