Organic Peroxides — Cetane–Increasing Additives for Diesel Fuels

Данилов, Александр Максимович; Mitusova, T. N.; Kovalev, V. A.; Churzin, A. N.

doi:10.1023/b:cafo.0000011907.29294.f1

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Both lower and higher carbon alcohols have lower cetane number than diesel and biodiesel fuel. Therefore, ignition improvers may be the solution for assisting the combustion of higher alcohol treated ternary blends to found the better stability of the engine, efficient burning of fuel and low exhaust, which has never been done previously by any other researcher [24][25][26]. However few studies like Atmanli et al [3] added a different proportion of EHN alcohol (n-butanol and pentanol) treated biodiesel blends and reported that the addition of EHN showed 13.12% and 12.26% higher cetane number respectively without any significant negative impact on fuel property.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of ignition improver additive on ternary (diesel-biodiesel-higher alcohol) blends thermal stability and diesel engine performance

Imdadul

Masjuki

Kalam

et al. 2016

Energy Conversion and Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of ignition improver additive on ternary (diesel-biodiesel-higher alcohol) blends thermal stability and diesel engine performance

Imdadul

Masjuki

Kalam

et al. 2016

Energy Conversion and Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Alkyl nitrates are characterized by relatively high CN-improving efficiency but have many serious drawbacks. They are toxic, explosive, and corrosive and worsen the color of fuels during storage . Because of these drawbacks, the attempts to create ignition promoters based on other compounds are ongoing and organic peroxides have received the most attention as a possible alternative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Cetane-Improving Performance of 1,2,4,5-Tetraoxane and 1,2,4,5,7,8-Hexaoxonane Derivatives

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Symmetrically cyclic or acyclic substituted 1,2,4,5-tetraoxane (peroxide dimer) and 1,2,4,5,7,8-hexaoxonane (peroxide trimer) derivatives were synthesized, and their cetane numbers (CNs) were investigated to evaluate their viability for use as CN improvers. Tetraoxane and hexaoxonane derivatives were synthesized from five cyclic and acyclic ketones ranging from C6 to C8 to determine the impact of the carbon number of these substituents on the performance of the tetraoxane and hexaoxonane derivatives as cetane improvers. Chemical synthesis methods included acid-catalyzed cyclocondensation of ketones with gem-dihydroperoxide. In this study, CN performances of individual tetraoxane and hexaoxonane derivatives in the concentration range of 500−1000 ppm were investigated and compared to the traditional CN improver 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN). Furthermore, the effects of different mixture compositions of tetraoxanes, hexaoxonanes, and 2-EHN on CN were studied in this research. The experimental results suggest that tetraoxane and hexaoxonane derivatives prepared from acyclic ketones with carbon numbers of 6 and 7 exhibited better performance than 2-EHN as an additive. The hexaoxonane derivatives provided better cetane improving capabilities than the tetraoxane derivatives.

show abstract

“…Various strategies exist to increase the CN, including blending diesel fuel with Fischer–Tropsch liquids and modifications to the petroleum stream to limit aromatics. − If the CN of a fuel is too low, molecules known as CN improvers may be added to increase its CN and increase the performance of the fuel. CN improvers currently in use are frequently organic nitrates, which act by facilitating chain-initiation radicals to improve subsequent autoignition reactions. ,, Nevertheless, organic nitrates have significant drawbacks, such as toxicity (LD 50 of cyclohexyl nitrate of 425 mg/kg) and corrosivity . Other commercial or proprietary formulations include mixtures with β-carotene; the operational mechanism of this additive is suggested to be the enhanced interaction of oxygen (from the fuel–air mixture)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Effects of Cetane Number Improvers on Diesel Fuel Volatility by Use of the Advanced Distillation Curve Method

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The cetane number (CN) is a measure of the ignition quality of a fuel for compression-ignition engines according to the self-ignition delay. If the CN of a fuel is too low, chemical compounds known as CN improvers may be added to increase both the CN and performance of the fuel. The addition of CN improvers is dependent upon the detailed properties of the particular fuel. While many fuel properties are important for design, the vapor–liquid equilibrium, as described by volatility, is very sensitive to composition. In this work, we measured blends of diesel fuel with the following CN improvers: amyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrite, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, and the multi-component CN improver PM-1, in diesel fuel by use of the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method to determine the amount of CN improver in the various distillate volume fractions. Tracking the CN improver throughout the volatility profile of diesel fuels provides valuable information for determining structural property relationships, and moreover, it provides the basis for the development of equations of state that can describe the thermodynamic properties of these complex mixtures, with specific attention paid to additives. We have found that the addition of CN improvers significantly decreases the temperature at which boiling begins and that the majority of the CN improver is thermolytically degraded before the first drop can be collected. These observations are supported by low-pressure ADC, where the CN improver was found in fractions up to 30%. These results have implications in the prediction of thermophysical properties of diesel fuel with CN improvers.

show abstract

Organic Peroxides — Cetane–Increasing Additives for Diesel Fuels

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Influences of ignition improver additive on ternary (diesel-biodiesel-higher alcohol) blends thermal stability and diesel engine performance

Influences of ignition improver additive on ternary (diesel-biodiesel-higher alcohol) blends thermal stability and diesel engine performance

Synthesis and Cetane-Improving Performance of 1,2,4,5-Tetraoxane and 1,2,4,5,7,8-Hexaoxonane Derivatives

Characterization of the Effects of Cetane Number Improvers on Diesel Fuel Volatility by Use of the Advanced Distillation Curve Method

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About