Organic Phosphorus Source Effects on Calcareous Soil Phosphorus and Organic Carbon

Robbins, C. W.; Freeborn, L. L.; Westermann, D. T.

doi:10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900030036x

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Experiments were conducted on soils where plots with a range of soil-test P concentrations were previously established by addition of manure or chemical fertilizer (Robbins et al, 2000; Table 1). All soils had slightly alkaline pH and contained various amounts of CaCO3 (22-245 g kg-I).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Locations And Experimental Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus in Surface Runoff from Calcareous Arable Soils of the Semiarid Western United States

2004

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Management strategies that minimize P transfer from agricultural land to water bodies are based on relationships between P concentrations in soil and runoff. This study evaluated such relationships for surface runoff generated by simulated sprinkler irrigation onto calcareous arable soils of the semiarid western United States. Irrigation was applied at 70 mm h' to plots on four soils containing a wide range of extractable P concentrations. Two irrigation events were conducted on each plot, first onto dry soil and then after 24 h onto wet soil. Particulate P (>0.45 !Lin) was the dominant fraction in surface runoff from all soils and was strongly correlated with suspended sediment concentration. For individual soil types, filterable reactive P (<0.45 !Lin) concentrations were strongly correlated with all soil-test P methods, including environmental tests involving extraction with water (1:10 and 1:200 soil to solution ratio), 0.01 M CaCl 2, and iron strips. However, only the Olsen-P agronomic soil-test procedure gave models that were not significantly different among soils. Soil chemical differences, including lower CaCO3 and water-extractable Ca, higher water-extractable Fe, and higher pH, appeared to account for differences in filterable reactive P concentrations in runoff from soils with similar extractable P concentrations. It may therefore be possible to use a single agronomic test to predict filterable reactive P concentrations in surface runoff from calcareous soils, but inherent dangers exist in assuming a consistent response, even for one soil within a single field. P HOSPHORUS TRANSFER in runoff from agricultural soils to water bodies can contribute to blooms of toxin-producing cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and other water quality problems associated with eutrophication (Foy and Withers, 1995;Leinweber et al., 2002). Accumulation of P in soils occurs following long-term application of manure or mineral fertilizer in excess of crop requirements, and a growing number of studies show strong correlations between concentrations of extractable soil P and filterable reactive P in runoff (for recent reviews see Haygarth and Jarvis, 1999;Sims et al., 2000). Linear relationships were observed in surface runoff (Pote et al., 1996(Pote et al., , 1999, while studies of subsurface drainage under natural rainfall can display nonlinear relationships, whereby filterable reactive P concentrations increase markedly after exceeding a threshold or "change point" in extractable soil P (e.g., Hesketh and Brookes, 2000). Understanding these relationships will contribute to the development of models and man-

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Section: Materials and Methods Locations And Experimental Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus in Surface Runoff from Calcareous Arable Soils of the Semiarid Western United States

2004

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“…Briefly, subsoil was obtained near Kimberly, Idaho (42°31 0 07.50 00 N, 114°22 0 33.50 00 W), was classified from the Portneuf series (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid), and was part of an eroded soil experiment whereby the topsoil (0-30 cm) was removed (Robbins et al, 1997(Robbins et al, , 2000Lentz et al, 2011). The top 30 cm of exposed subsoil was collected, air-dried, and passed through a 2-mm sieve.…”

Section: Initial Soil Analysis Biochar Analysis and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Topsoil in many locations of the area have been eroded due to $100 years of flood irrigation, leaving the calcareous subsoil (pH 7.8-8.2; USDA-NRCS, 2001) exposed. Subsoil organic C content has been measured as about half of the soil surface (0.45% vs 0.94% organic C; Robbins et al, 2000) in this area of south-central Idaho. Lower organic matter content in eroded soils has been shown to significantly reduce available soil water content as compared to non-eroded soils (e.g., Frye et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designer, acidic biochar influences calcareous soil characteristics

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tIn a proof-of-concept study, an acidic (pH 5.8) biochar was created using a low pyrolysis temperature (350°C) and steam activation (800°C) to potentially improve the soil physicochemical status of an eroded calcareous soil. Biochar was added at 0%, 1%, 2%, and 10% (by wt.) and soils were destructively sampled at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 month intervals. Soil was analyzed for gravimetric water content, pH, NO 3 -N, plant-available Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and P, organic C, CO 2 respiration, and microbial enumeration via extractable DNA and 16S rRNA gene copies. Gravimetric soil water content increased with biochar application regardless of rate, as compared to the control. Soil pH decreased between 0.2 and 0.4 units, while plant-available Zn, Mn, and P increased with increasing biochar application rate. Micronutrient availability decreased over time likely due to insoluble mineral species precipitation. Increasing biochar application raised the soil organic C content and remained elevated over time. Increasing biochar application rate also increased respired CO 2 , yet the CO 2 released decreased over time. Soil NO 3 -N concentrations significantly decreased with increasing biochar application rate likely due to microbial immobilization or denitrification. Depending on application rate, biochar produced a 1.4 to 2.1-fold increase in soil DNA extracted and 1.4-to 2.4-fold increase in 16S rRNA gene abundance over control soils, suggesting microbial stimulation and a subsequent burst of activity upon biochar addition. Our results showed that there is promise in designing a biochar to improve the quality and water relations of eroded calcareous soils.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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“…Soil at the site was classified as Portneuf (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) and is extensive in southern Idaho, occupying approximately 117,000 hectares (USDA-NRCS, 2011). The site was developed and utilized for eroded soil experiments as described by Robbins et al (1997Robbins et al ( , 2000 and Lentz et al (2011) whereby the topsoil (0-30 cm) was removed. The top 30 cm of exposed subsoil was collected, air-dried, and passed through a 2-mm sieve.…”

Section: Soil Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of activated switchgrass biochar to an aridic subsoil increases microbial nitrogen cycling gene abundances

Ducey

Ippolito

Cantrell

et al. 2013

Applied Soil Ecology

180

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a b s t r a c tIt has been demonstrated that soil amended with biochar, designed specifically for use as a soil conditioner, results in changes to the microbial populations that reside therein. These changes have been reflected in studies measuring variations in microbial activity, biomass, and community structure. Despite these studies, very few experiments have been performed examining microbial genes involved in nutrient cycling processes. Given the paucity of research in this area, we designed a 6 month study in a Portneuf subsoil treated with three levels (1%, 2%, and 10% w/w ratio) of a biochar pyrolyzed from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) at 350 • C and steam activated at 800 • C to measure the abundances of five genes involved in N cycling. Gene abundances were measured using qPCR, with relative abundances of these genes calculated based on measurement of the 16S rRNA gene. At the end of the 6 month study, all measured genes showed significantly greater abundances in biochar amended treatments as compared to the control. In soil amended with 10% biochar, genes involved in nitrogen fixation (nifH), and denitrification (nirS), showed significantly increased relative abundances. Lastly, gene abundances and relative abundances correlated with soil characteristics, in particular NO 3 -N, % N and % C. These results confirm that activated switchgrass-derived biochar, designed for use as a soil conditioner, has an impact on the treated soils microbial communities. We therefore suggest that future use of biochar as a soil management practice should take into account not only changes to the soil's physiochemical properties, but its biological properties as well.Published by Elsevier B.V.

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Organic Phosphorus Source Effects on Calcareous Soil Phosphorus and Organic Carbon

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Phosphorus in Surface Runoff from Calcareous Arable Soils of the Semiarid Western United States

Phosphorus in Surface Runoff from Calcareous Arable Soils of the Semiarid Western United States

Designer, acidic biochar influences calcareous soil characteristics

Addition of activated switchgrass biochar to an aridic subsoil increases microbial nitrogen cycling gene abundances

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