Organic reactions involving the superoxide anion

Frimer, Aryeh A.

doi:10.1002/9780470771730.ch14

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…The relative amount of carbonate produced on well-developed RGO surface (more than 400 m 2 /g) after 4 μAh discharge is two times higher compared to TEG, as shown in Figure b. This observation suggests that defects and oxygenated functional groups associated with them are potentially active sites for superoxide radical attacks to form carbonates as it is well-known for Michael-type activated double bonds in olefins and substituted aromatics . Recent DFT results of Xu et al show that the armchair edge and divacancy, unlike basal plane, are highly reactive and can be potentially oxidized at ambient conditions to carbonates and lactones even without being activated by oxygenated functional groups.…”

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confidence: 86%

Reactivity of Carbon in Lithium–Oxygen Battery Positive Electrodes

et al. 2013

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Unfortunately, the practical applications of Li-O2 batteries are impeded by poor rechargeability. Here, for the first time we show that superoxide radicals generated at the cathode during discharge react with carbon that contains activated double bonds or aromatics to form epoxy groups and carbonates, which limits the rechargeability of Li-O2 cells. Carbon materials with a low amount of functional groups and defects demonstrate better stability thus keeping the carbon will-o'-the-wisp lit for lithium-air batteries.

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confidence: 86%

Reactivity of Carbon in Lithium–Oxygen Battery Positive Electrodes

et al. 2013

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“…In turn, the substrate anion is oxidized by ·Ο 2 · in a multistep process to yield oxidation products and HOOH (Kratzl et al 1974;Nanni et al 1980). A second hypothesis is that ·Ο 2 " or HOO· is capable of direct hydrogenatom abstraction producing the substrate radical and hydrogen peroxide (Primer 1983). It is then ·Ο 2~ and/or ·Ο 2 · that propagates the oxidation.…”

Section: Superoxide/perhydroxyl Radicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactions of Lignin with Cyanamide Activated Hydrogen Peroxide. Part 2. The Degradation Mechanism of Phenolic Lignin Model Compounds

Kadla¹,

Chang²,

Chen³

et al. 1998

Holzforschung

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The reactions of monomeric phenolic lignin model compounds with cyanamide activated hydrogen peroxide were studied. Analyses of the various reaction products indicate four main reactions occur; aromatic hydroxylation, demethoxyiation, radical coupling and oxidative ring opening. The predominate products from apocynol and acetoguaiacohe were dicarboxylic acid compounds, maleic/fumaric, oxalic, and succinic acid derivatives, consistent with degradation by Superoxide. In the degradation of creosol, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-N-methylaniline was the major compound isolated, providing evidence of a cyanamide radical. Finally, plausible pathways to the formation of Superoxide anion and cyanamide oxidation products from alkaline hydrogen peroxide and cyanamide are proposed and their impact on delignification is discussed.

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“…A few studies − have significantly reviewed O 2 •– chemistry, but these reports are now outdated. Numerous studies − have reported on the organic chemistry of O 2 •– , and many of these studies − are related to the interaction of O 2 •– with various organic substances. In addition, O 2 •– interferes in a wide number of critical reactions and applications, for example, the destruction of hazardous chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications

Hayyan¹,

Hashim²,

AlNashef³

2016

Chem. Rev.

1,718

1,058

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Superoxide ion (O2(•-)) is of great significance as a radical species implicated in diverse chemical and biological systems. However, the chemistry knowledge of O2(•-) is rather scarce. In addition, numerous studies on O2(•-) were conducted within the latter half of the 20th century. Therefore, the current advancement in technology and instrumentation will certainly provide better insights into mechanisms and products of O2(•-) reactions and thus will result in new findings. This review emphasizes the state-of-the-art research on O2(•-) so as to enable researchers to venture into future research. It comprises the main characteristics of O2(•-) followed by generation methods. The reaction types of O2(•-) are reviewed, and its potential applications including the destruction of hazardous chemicals, synthesis of organic compounds, and many other applications are highlighted. The O2(•-) environmental chemistry is also discussed. The detection methods of O2(•-) are categorized and elaborated. Special attention is given to the feasibility of using ionic liquids as media for O2(•-), addressing the latest progress of generation and applications. The effect of electrodes on the O2(•-) electrochemical generation is reviewed. Finally, some remarks and future perspectives are concluded.

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Organic reactions involving the superoxide anion

Cited by 27 publications

References 176 publications

Reactivity of Carbon in Lithium–Oxygen Battery Positive Electrodes

Reactivity of Carbon in Lithium–Oxygen Battery Positive Electrodes

Reactions of Lignin with Cyanamide Activated Hydrogen Peroxide. Part 2. The Degradation Mechanism of Phenolic Lignin Model Compounds

Superoxide Ion: Generation and Chemical Implications

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