Lower aliphatic amines are derivatives of ammonia with one, two, or all three of the hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl groups of five carbons or less. Amines with higher alkyl groups are known as fatty amines. Amines are toxic, colorless gases or liquids, highly flammable, and have strong odors. Lower mol wt amines are water soluble and are sold as aqueous solutions and in pure form. Amines react with water and acids to form alkylammonium compounds analogous to ammonia. The base strengths in water of the primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and ammonia are essentially the same. The lower aliphatic amines are widely used as intermediates in the manufacture of medicinal, agricultural, textile, rubber, and plastic chemicals. Some commercially important alkylamines are methylamine, dimethylamine, ethylamine,
n
‐propylamine, isopropylamine, allylamine,
n
‐butylamine, isobutylamine,
sec
‐butylamine, ethyl‐
n
‐butylamine,
n
‐amylamine. The formation of salts with acids is the most characteristic reaction of amines. Alkylamine are corrosive to copper, copper‐containing alloys (brass), aluminum, zinc, zinc alloy, and galvanized surfaces. Lower aliphatic amines can be prepared by a variety of methods, using many different types of raw materials. By far the largest commercial applications involve the reaction of alcohol with ammonia to form the corresponding amines. Other methods are employed depending on the particular amine desired, raw material availability, and plant economics. The U. S. Department of Transportation requires labeling of all shipments of amines commensurate with the associated hazards. Alkylamines are toxic. Both the liquids and vapors can cause severe irritation to mucous membranes, eyes, and skin. Protective butyl rubber gloves, aprons, chemical face shields, and self‐contained breathing apparatus should be used by all personnel handling alkylamines.
