Organization of Production and Community Income Distributions

Bloomquist, Leonard E.; Summers, Gene F.

doi:10.2307/2094989

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Stratification research has dealt with these themes broadly, making the distinction between core (primary) and peripheral (secondary) labor market areas and suggesting that each has implications for the distribution of resources within a population given varying returns on human capital investment, training, wages, and job stability (for instance, see Bluestone 1970;Hodson 1978;O'Connor 1973;Tolbert, Horan, and Beck 1980). More current work on the topic has highlighted the need for clearer specification of industrial attributes, emphasizing the relative importance and consequences of specific labor market sectors, such as core, low-wage service, extractive, and state (Bloomquist and Summers 1982;Horan and Tolbert 1984;Kaufman, Hodson, and Fligstein 1981;Kletzer 1992;Snipp and Bloomquist 1989), for deprivation and inequality among the local population (e.g., Jacobs 1982; Kalleberg, Wallace, and Althauser 1981;Tomaskovic-Devey 1987;Tomaskovic-Devey and Roscigno 1997;Wilson 1996).…”

Section: Bellair Et Al / Linking Opportunity To Delinquencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Core sector employment, our referent, is typically defined by concentration in industries that are capital intensive, more unionized, and involved in the manufacturing of durable goods (Hodson 1983;Sakamoto and Chen 1991). Although generally associated with less poverty than either low-wage, service, or extractive sectors (e.g., Bloomquist and Summers 1982;Jacobs 1982;Tomaskovic-Devey 1987), core industrial effects on family income and structure will be negative relative to sectors composed of higher status managerial and professional occupations.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linking Local Labor Market Opportunity To Violent Adolescent Delinquency

Bellair¹,

Roscigno²,

McNulty³

2003

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

102

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Most criminological theory is cast at either the macro or micro level. Developmental and integrated theories are an exception as they combine community characteristics such as neighborhood poverty with micro-level processes. What remains lacking, however, is attention to labor market conditions. The authors address this gap by testing a contextual model that links Keywords: labor market; employment; violence; contextualThe importance attributed by criminologists to structural causes of delinquency and crime has waxed and waned over the past century. However, over the past 20 years, structural theorizing has been revitalized. Blau and Blau's (1982) "The Costs of Inequality: Metropolitan Structure and Violent Crime" helped to legitimate such efforts, as did the rediscovery of classically grounded perspectives, such as social disorganization (Bursik and Grasmick 1993;Sampson and Groves 1989;Wilson 1996) and strain theories (Agnew 1992(Agnew , 1999Messner and Rosenfeld 1997 Sampson and Laub 1993;Thornberry 1987). These perspectives incorporated structural conditions of communities into their models-conditions presumed to influence delinquency above and beyond the impact of individuallevel processes.Despite the importance assigned to structural attributes in contemporary theory and research, structural characteristics are rarely measured. They are also seldom included in tests of "integrated" conceptual models. This is particularly true when it comes to local labor market structure and opportunity. Indeed, with very few exceptions (reviewed below), researchers seeking to test models that integrate structural and micro-level theory have not systematically developed a set of indicators that adequately capture local labor market conditions, nor have they developed an explicit rationale for their inclusion-a rationale grounded in the insights of contemporary stratification theory and research.In this article, we examine the relationship between labor market conditions and violent adolescent delinquency. We also assess whether the relationship can be explained by mediation through family well-being and adolescent attachments to family, school, and delinquent peers. We view our efforts as an initial step toward demonstrating the importance of local opportunity structures and identifying potential mechanism(s) that may produce the effect. We begin with a brief discussion and critique of prior contextual research. Next, grounding our analysis in the labor market stratification literature, we describe potentially important mediating processes that link structural opportunity with individual outcomes. Finally, we offer a test of the relations described-drawing from a nationally representative sample and employing techniques that are analytically appropriate given the multilevel nature of the associations we discuss. BACKGROUND

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Section: Bellair Et Al / Linking Opportunity To Delinquencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Local Labor Market Opportunity To Violent Adolescent Delinquency

Bellair¹,

Roscigno²,

McNulty³

2003

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[For a further develop ment of this point, see McGranahan 1980(unpublished manuscript entitled "Class, space, and community structure"), 1983Newby 1982a,b;Bloomquist & Summers 1982. [For a further develop ment of this point, see McGranahan 1980(unpublished manuscript entitled "Class, space, and community structure"), 1983Newby 1982a,b;Bloomquist & Summers 1982.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Development and Community Social Change

Summers

Branch²

1984

Annu. Rev. Sociol.

Self Cite

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There is growing recognition that economic development in advanced indus trial societies involves massive capital migration from one industrial sector to another, from one community to another, and even from one nation to another.Economic development is a continual process of opening new areas, spatially and sectorally, while closing others. Development projects in rural communi ties provide a timely and valuable laboratory in which to learn how the restructuring of advanced industrial societies affects local social structures.This chapter extracts and reviews what has been learned from studies of communities coping with rural industrialization and natural resource develop ment, especially large-scale projects. Particular attention is given to changes in employment patterns, income, population, agriculture, local businesses, and public sector costs and revenues. The findings reveal an underlying tension between the free movement of capital, on the one hand, and community stability and worker welfare, on the other hand. The authors conclude that local social changes are integral elements of external processes of economic develop ment. They may be understood by directing attention to the spatial patterns of social, economic. and political inequality and to the mechanisms that generate and sustain unevenness.

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“…Higher wage industries, such as manufacturing (in the past) and finance, insurance, and real estate services, are usually contrasted with lower wage service industries. Industrial sectors are assumed to influence communities’ economic well‐being in direct and indirect ways (Blank ; Bloomquist and Summers ). Primary impacts occur through earnings and occupational structures that affect workers’ household income and future labor market opportunities.…”

Section: Conceptualizing the Impact Of Coal Mining On Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty, Place, and Coal Employment across Appalachia and the United States in a New Economic Era

Lobao

Zhou²,

Partridge

et al. 2016

Rural Sociology

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The impacts of employment in the coal industry remain controversial. Few studies have investigated these impacts over the decade of the great recession and in light of the nation's changing energy economy. We bring together two long-standing rural sociological traditions to address debates framed at the national level and for Appalachian communities facing the throes of transition from the coal industry. Building from rural sociology's "poverty and place" tradition and from natural resources sociology, we examine the relationship between coal employment and communities' economic well-being as indicated by poverty, household income, and unemployment. The study spans U.S. and Appalachian counties from 1990 to 2010. U.S. counties with greater coal employment in 1990 had lower income and higher poverty in 2000. Overall, however, coal employment's effect is mixed in the 1990-2000 decade. By contrast, for the recent 2000-2010 decade, coal employment is positively associated with indicators of well-being. In Appalachia, fewer employment alternatives outside mining are related to higher well-being. Our findings extend the poverty and place literature and the natural resources literature and underscore why a just transition away from coal should focus on moving communities toward sectors offering better future livelihoods. * This study was partially supported by the Appalachian Research Initiative for Environmental Science (ARIES). ARIES is an industrial affiliates program at Virginia Tech, supported by members that include companies in the energy sector. The research under ARIES is conducted by independent researchers in accordance with the policies on scientific integrity of their institutions. The views, opinions, and recommendations expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not imply any endorsement by ARIES employees, other ARIES-affiliated researchers, or industrial members. This study has not been read or reviewed by ARIES officials. Information about ARIES can be found at

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Organization of Production and Community Income Distributions

Cited by 33 publications

References 28 publications

Linking Local Labor Market Opportunity To Violent Adolescent Delinquency

Linking Local Labor Market Opportunity To Violent Adolescent Delinquency

Economic Development and Community Social Change

Poverty, Place, and Coal Employment across Appalachia and the United States in a New Economic Era

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