Organization of the 5′ region of the rat ATP citrate lyase gene

Kim, Kyung‐Sup; Park, Sahng-Wook; Moon, Young-Ah; Kim, Yoon-Soo

doi:10.1042/bj3020759

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is an SRE-like sequence (TCAGGCTAG) accompanied by an NF-Y site. Mouse ACL promoter (300 bp), that contains the same SREBP binding site and a region responsible for insulin and polyunsaturated fatty acid effects, was fused to the luciferase reporter gene (ACL-Luc) (32,47) (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Acl Gene Promotermentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional activities of nuclear SREBP-1a, -1c, and -2 to different target promoters of lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes

Amemiya-Kudo

Shimano

Hasty

et al. 2002

Journal of Lipid Research

348

176

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Recent studies on the in vivo roles of the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) family indicate that SREBP-2 is more specific to cholesterogenic gene expression whereas SREBP-1 targets lipogenic genes. To define the molecular mechanism involved in this differential regulation, luciferase-reporter gene assays were performed in HepG2 cells to compare the transactivities of nuclear SREBP-1a, -1c, and -2 on a battery of SREBP-target promoters containing sterol regulatory element (SRE), SRE-like, or E-box sequences. The results show first that cholesterogenic genes containing classic SREs in their promoters are strongly and efficiently activated by both SREBP-1a and SREBP-2, but not by SREBP-1c. Second, an E-box containing reporter gene is much less efficiently activated by SREBP-1a and -1c, and SREBP-2 was inactive in spite of its ability to bind to the E-box. Third, promoters of lipogenic enzymes containing variations of SRE (SRE-like sequences) are strongly activated by SREBP-1a, and only modestly and equally by both SREBP-1c and -2. Finally, substitution of the unique tyrosine residue within the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) portion of nuclear SREBPs with arginine, the conserved residue found in all other bHLH proteins, abolishes the transactivity of all SREBPs for SRE, and conversely results in markedly increased activity of SREBP-1 but not activity of SREBP-2 for E-boxes.These data demonstrate the different specificity and affinity of nuclear SREBP-1 and -2 for different target DNAs, explaining a part of the mechanism behind the differential in vivo regulation of cholesterogenic and lipogenic enzymes by SREBP-1 and -2, respectively.

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Section: Acl Gene Promotermentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional activities of nuclear SREBP-1a, -1c, and -2 to different target promoters of lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes

Amemiya-Kudo

Shimano

Hasty

et al. 2002

Journal of Lipid Research

348

176

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“…waxes, isoprenoids, and flavonoids in plants, sterols, and fatty acids in vertebrates), but the exact biosynthetic pathways and their regulation are not yet fully understood (Fatland et al, 2000). Green plants, a glaucophyte, fungi, and a photosynthetic prokaryote have been found to have heteromeric ACL complexes consisting of a-and b-subunits of approximately 400 and 600 amino acids in length, respectively (Nowrousian et al, 2000;Fatland et al, 2002), whereas animals have a single subunit of up to 1,100 amino acids forming homomeric complexes (Kim et al, 1994). It was therefore concluded that, in the ancestral eukaryote, the ACL complex likely consisted of two different subunits that fused into a single gene early in the animal lineage (Fatland et al, 2002).…”

Section: Comparison Of the P Tricornutum Nonredundant Set With Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomics of the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Montsant

Jabbari²,

Maheswari³

et al. 2005

Plant Physiology

122

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Diatoms are one of the most important constituents of phytoplankton communities in aquatic environments, but in spite of this, only recently have large-scale diatom-sequencing projects been undertaken. With the genome of the centric species Thalassiosira pseudonana available since mid-2004, accumulating sequence information for a pennate model species appears a natural subsequent aim. We have generated over 12,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and upon assembly into a nonredundant set, 5,108 sequences were obtained. Significant similarity (E , 1E-04) to entries in the GenBank nonredundant protein database, the COG profile database, and the Pfam protein domains database were detected, respectively, in 45.0%, 21.5%, and 37.1% of the nonredundant collection of sequences. This information was employed to functionally annotate the P. tricornutum nonredundant set and to create an internet-accessible queryable diatom EST database. The nonredundant collection was then compared to the putative complete proteomes of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, and the centric diatom T. pseudonana. A number of intriguing differences were identified between the pennate and the centric diatoms concerning activities of relevance for general cell metabolism, e.g. genes involved in carbon-concentrating mechanisms, cytosolic acetyl-Coenzyme A production, and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate metabolism. Finally, codon usage and utilization of C and G relative to gene expression (as measured by EST redundance) were studied, and preferences for utilization of C and CpG doublets were noted among the P. tricornutum EST coding sequences.

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“…Recently, the 5' flanking regions of ACL gene in human has been cloned (Park et al, 1997). The sequences in the promoter of this gene is highly conserved between human and rat (Kim et al ., 1994), even though there is no homology in regions of the 5' UTR and first intron, suggesting that the regulation at transcription level takes place in the same manners in these two species. Clinically, ACL is thought to be a potential target for hypolipidemic intervention, because the specific inhibition of this enzyme in rats significantly decreased the plasma levels of cholesterol and triacylglycerol (Pearce, et al , 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of regulatory elements on the promoter region of human ATP-citrate lyase

Moon

Kim²,

Cho³

et al. 1999

Exp Mol Med

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Abbreviations: ACL, ATP-citrate lyase; CAT, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase; MEM, minimal essential medium; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; FBS, fetal bovine serum, SDS; sodium dodecyl sulfate, PAGE; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AbstractATP-citrate lyase (ACL), an enzyme catalyzing the first step in biosynthesis of fatty acids, is induced during the lipogenesis and cholesterologenesis. We demonstrate that the region -213 to -128 of human ACL promoter is responsible for conferring glucose-mediated transcription. This region in the ACL promoter contains Sp1 binding sites determined by DNase I foot-printing assay. Gel retardation assay using oligonucleotides from -179 to -141 and -140 to -110 showed two specific DNAprotein complexes postulated to be formed by transcription factor Sp1. Competition gel shift and supershift assays have confirmed that these DNAprotein complexes were the result of induced Sp1 as well as another Sp1-related proteins. We s t e r n blot analysis also demon-strated that transcription factor Sp1 was slightly increased in the nuclear proteins extracted from Alexander cells following supplementation of glucose. In addition, expression of 110 kDa protein reacting with antibody against Sp3 was dramatically increased by glucose supplementation, while isoforms of Sp3, about 80 kDa in size was decreased in its amounts. Our results suggest that changes in the expression of Sp1 family proteins play an important role in activation of the ACL promoter by glucose.

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Organization of the 5′ region of the rat ATP citrate lyase gene

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Transcriptional activities of nuclear SREBP-1a, -1c, and -2 to different target promoters of lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes

Transcriptional activities of nuclear SREBP-1a, -1c, and -2 to different target promoters of lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes

Comparative Genomics of the Pennate Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Characterization of regulatory elements on the promoter region of human ATP-citrate lyase

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