Organized and semiorganized doping for ZnS:Mn electroluminescent devices

Abstract

The potential to achieve nonrandom Mn doping in ZnS:Mn material is discussed. By ma~ng diffusion measurements, we determine the required. conditions during growth and operation of ZnS:Mn devices that are compatible with nonrandom doping. The probability of forming nearest neighbors and nearby neighbors of Mn in ZnS is calculated for various doping schemes, and the impact of these arrangements on the brightness of electroluminescence and photol.uminescence in ZnS:Mn is discussed.

Photophysical Properties of ZnS Nanoclusters with Spatially Localized Mn2+

“…ZnS doped with Mn 2+ is used extensively as a phosphor and in electroluminescent devices. − In theory, spatially organized doping of ZnS with Mn 2+ could result in improved photoluminescent and electroluminescent device efficiency .…”

“…ZnS doped with Mn 2+ is used extensively as a phosphor and in electroluminescent devices. − In theory, spatially organized doping of ZnS with Mn 2+ could result in improved photoluminescent and electroluminescent device efficiency . We examined these issues from the standpoint of nanocluster particles by introducing Mn 2+ on the inside, and then solely on the outside, of ZnS particles.…”

“…[22][23][24] In theory, spatially organized doping of ZnS with Mn 2+ could result in improved photoluminescent and electroluminescent device efficiency. 31 Under typical device preparation conditions, however, the elevated temperatures that promote crystallinity also cause any nonrandomly distributed Mn 2+ ions to diffuse into random Zn 2+ lattice sites. 31 We examined these issues from the standpoint of nanocluster particles by introducing Mn 2+ on the inside, and then solely on the outside, of ZnS particles.…”

Synthesis and Photoluminescence of Spherical ZnS:Mn2+ Particles

“…The homogeneous distribution of Mn 2+ ions in a ZnS crystal lattice is very important for highly efficient luminescence. ,,, For the inhomogeneous distribution of Mn 2+ ions, local Mn 2+ −Mn 2+ pairs or clusters are formed in the ZnS crystals, which interact and lead to nonradiative relaxation under excitation. , This results in a low luminescence efficiency. During the AD process, ZnS forms the main phase while Mn 2+ is present as an impurity and can gradually be incorporated into the ZnS crystal lattice, depending on process conditions.…”

“…The homogeneous distribution of Mn 2+ ions in a ZnS crystal lattice is very important for highly efficient luminescence. 3,4,18,19 For the inhomogeneous distribution of Mn 2+ ions, local Mn 2+ -Mn 2+ pairs or clusters are formed in the ZnS crystals, which interact and lead to nonradiative relaxation under excitation. 19,20 This results in a low luminescence efficiency.…”