Organochlorine contamination in deep-sea fish from the davis strait

Berg, Vidar; Ugland, Karl I.; Hareide, Nils Roar; Aspholm, Paul Eric; Polder, Anuschka; Skaare, Janneche Utne

doi:10.1016/s0141-1136(96)00107-9

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition, most of the particles transported by the sea ice will sediment in the marginal ice zone when the ice melts (Hebbeln & Wefer 1991, Ramseier et al 1999, Hebbeln 2000, making contaminants, adhered to particles and released in the marginal ice zone, unavailable for uptake by iceassociated biota. This pattern, with higher HCH levels and no difference or lower levels of DDTs and PCBs in ice fauna relative to zooplankton, correspond in general to findings from the Canadian Arctic (Hargrave et al 1992), and also to the comparison of deep-sea fish to surface water fish in the Arctic and elsewhere (Fischer & Ballschmiter 1987, Berg et al 1997.…”

Section: Habitatsupporting

confidence: 82%

Differences in contamination load between pelagic and sympagic invertebrates in the Arctic marginal ice zone: influence of habitat, diet and geography

Borgå

Gabrielsen²,

Skaare³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Concentration and transport of organic pollutants by Arctic sea ice may expose iceassociated fauna to high contaminant concentrations relative to pelagic organisms. Zooplankton and ice-associated amphipods were collected in the marginal ice zone near Svalbard to investigate whether habitat, diet and geographic sampling site influenced their organochlorine burden. Organochlorine concentrations were low in both zooplankton (Calanus hyperboreus, Thysanoessa inermis, Parathemisto libellula, Chaetognatha) and ice-associated amphipods (Apherusa glacialis, Gammarus wilkitzkii, Onisimus spp.), from 0.3 ng g -1 lipid weight trans-chlordane in A. glacialis to 36.9 ng g -1 lipid weight hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in G. wilkitzkii. Diet accounted for most of the explained organochlorine variance, followed by habitat and geographic sampling site. The concentrations were higher in carnivores (P. libellula, Chaetognatha, G. wilkitzkii, Onisimus spp.) than in herbivores (C. hyperboreus, T. inermis, A. glacialis). In comparison with zooplankton, ice fauna had high levels of organochlorines with high residence time in surface layers (hexachlorocyclohexane [HCH] and HCB), whereas compounds with higher particle affinity did not differ between habitats. This was attributed to the sea ice serving as a habitat that keeps ice fauna in the surface layer, rather than to the release of contaminants from the sea ice itself. HCHs were the only compounds that differed geographically. Higher α-/γ-HCH ratios in C. hyperboreus and A. glacialis from the Greenland Sea relative to North of Svalbard, are consistent with the geographic patterns in HCH levels reported for air, water, ringed seals Phoca hispida and polar bears Ursus maritimus.

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Section: Habitatsupporting

confidence: 82%

Differences in contamination load between pelagic and sympagic invertebrates in the Arctic marginal ice zone: influence of habitat, diet and geography

Borgå

Gabrielsen²,

Skaare³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Berg et al 1997, 1998, Solé et al 2001, Mormede & Davies 2003. We confirmed the prevalence of highly chlorinated PCB congeners in the deep sea (Tanabe & Tatsukawa 1983), most likely reflecting their lower susceptibility to biodegradation combined with their higher adsorption efficiency on organic matter.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…We confirmed the prevalence of highly chlorinated PCB congeners in the deep sea (Tanabe & Tatsukawa 1983), most likely reflecting their lower susceptibility to biodegradation combined with their higher adsorption efficiency on organic matter. Among DDTs, DDE was prevalent, as generally seen in other deepsea fish (Berg et al 1997, Mormede & Davies 2003. Indeed, high residence time of the parent compound in 166 water allows diverse organisms to metabolise DDT to DDE, leading to an increased DDE:DDT ratio with time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effects of organochlorines on cytochrome P450 activity and antioxidant enzymes in liver of roundnose grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris

Lemaire¹,

Priede²,

Collins³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Biol.

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Oceans function as a sink for organochlorine compounds (OCs) such as PCBs and DDTs. Deep-sea fish bioaccumulate OCs to levels 10 to 100 times higher than shallow-water species. OCs induce the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system, the activity of which may increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in liver cells. However, the susceptibility of fish to the oxidative stress likely caused by OCs remains unclear. We analysed whether PCB and DDT contamination of roundnose grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris was associated with higher ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity (CYP1A-related), and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutases (SOD) and glutathione peroxidases (GPX). Biological parameters affecting EROD patterns (e.g. gender, ontogeny) were also investigated. Citrate synthase (CS) was used as a proxy for oxidative metabolism, responsible for basal ROS production and recruitment of antioxidant enzymes in liver cells. Hepatic OC levels were determined in individuals of different sizes (89 to 2016 g) from northern Atlantic slopes (depth range = 1000 to 1900 m). Median PCB and DDT values were 2.39 and 1.48 µg g -1 lipid weight, respectively, while median EROD activity was 15 pmol min -1 mg -1 protein. Gender greatly influenced OC levels (females were less contaminated), whilst weight (linked to ontogeny) positively affected DDT levels. EROD increased with PCB levels, and to some extent SOD and CAT were more influenced by EROD than CS, indicating that PCBs strongly affect the redox balance of roundnose grenadier liver cells through increased CYP1A activity. Therefore, OC-related CYP1A induction may be a major source of cellular ROS in liver of roundnose grenadier.

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“…DDT and its metabolites as well as PCBs are still found in bottom sediments and bottom-feeding fish from coastal areas at concentrations in the ng g -1 lipid range (Young et al 1977, 1991, Verschueren 1983, Marcus & Renfrow 1990. Also, remarkably high levels of DDT (1446 ng g -1 lipid weight) have been reported for deep-sea fishes in the Arctic, such as Macrurus berglax, which feed mostly on benthos at depths of 2000 m (Berg et al 1997). Similar and somewhat higher values have also been reported for deep-sea fishes in other parts of the world (Takahashi et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological mixing responses to sublethal concentrations of DDT in sediments by Heteromastus filiformis using a 137Cs marker layer technique

Mulsow¹,

Landrum²,

Robbins³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Sediment mixing by benthic macroinvertebrates is an important process affecting the fate of sediment-bound and dissolved contaminants in marine environments. A non-invasive, stateof-the-art radiotracer technique was used to study sediment mixing by Heteromastus filiformis (Capitellidae), a common marine head-down deposit feeder, exposed to several sub-lethal concentrations of DDT (0, 5, 10 and 20 µg g Cs-labeled clay were deposited approximately every 2 cm in each of 3 replicate sediment columns per treatment; 4 polychaetes were then introduced to each column and the γ activity of each column was measured vertically using an automated scan detector. Nonlinear leastsquare fits were applied to obtain parameterized values that were used to determine the mixing rates of each 137 Cs layer over time. A simple diffusion model was used to calculate biological diffusion coefficients (D b ) for H. filiformis. Overall mixing rates increased towards the surface. Control and Treatment 1 had higher D b values at the surface compared to Treatments 2 and 3. The D b depth profiles were similar in the control and Treatments 1 and 2, with mixing occurring at the sediment water interface and a subsurface maximum at 10 to 12 cm below this interface. This pattern was not clear in Treatment 3, where D b had the lowest values and decreased with depth. Bioturbation besides mixing of solids also changed the water content throughout the sediment column. Porosity profiles at the end of the experiments increased by 10 to 20% at 10 to 12 cm depths compared to above and below this horizon. The DDT depth concentration profiles decreased towards the surface as a result of the mixing by the benthic macroinvertebrates, clearly indicating removal/uptake by the organism. The feeding rate constant (γ b , % h -1 ) in the control showed a maximum at 7 to 12 cm. However, the γ b in the treatments was essentially constant with depth. For all treatments and the control, the burial rate (W b ) (downward movement of radiolabeled layers) decreased with depth. The surface layers were buried faster (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in the control than in sediments containing DDT. A sensitivity analysis comparing burial rate, D b , γ b (surface only) and worm weights showed that worm weights and burial rate have the highest fractional rate changes per µg g -1 DDT.

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Organochlorine contamination in deep-sea fish from the davis strait

Cited by 48 publications

References 25 publications

Differences in contamination load between pelagic and sympagic invertebrates in the Arctic marginal ice zone: influence of habitat, diet and geography

Differences in contamination load between pelagic and sympagic invertebrates in the Arctic marginal ice zone: influence of habitat, diet and geography

Effects of organochlorines on cytochrome P450 activity and antioxidant enzymes in liver of roundnose grenadier Coryphaenoides rupestris

Biological mixing responses to sublethal concentrations of DDT in sediments by Heteromastus filiformis using a 137Cs marker layer technique

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