Organophosphate Effects on Antioxidant System of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus)

Hai, Do Quy; Varga, Sz.I.; Matkovics, B.

doi:10.1016/s0742-8413(96)00234-4

Cited by 85 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In addition, AChE and GR activities were inhibited in the brain. These results are consistent with the data of Hai et al (1997), who have shown GSH decrease in the liver and muscle of the common carp Cyprinus carpio, and inhibition of the brain AChE activity after being exposed to 1 and 5 mg l -1 of dichlorvos for 24 h. Dichlorvos is metabolised mainly in the liver via 2 enzymatic pathways: one, producing desmethyldichlorvos, is glutathione-dependent, while the other, resulting in dimethyl-phosphate and dichloroacetaldehyde, is glutathione-independent (Dicowsky & Morello 1971). Hence, GSH availability can result in a limiting factor for dichlorvos elimination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Increased recovery of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in dichlorvos-intoxicated European eels Anguilla anguilla by bath treatment with N-acetylcysteine

Peña-Llopis¹,

Ferrando²,

Jb³

2003

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are widely used as antiparasitic chemicals in finfish aquaculture. However, current antidotes cannot be applied to treat intoxicated fish. We showed in previous studies the importance of glutathione (GSH) metabolism in pesticide resistance of the European eel Anguilla anguilla L. The present work studied the effects of the antioxidant and glutathione pro-drug N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on the recovery of European eels exposed for 96 h to a sublethal concentration (0.17 mg l -1 ; 20% of its 96 h LC 50 ) of the OP pesticide dichlorvos (2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate; DDVP). This insecticide and acaricide decreased muscular GSH content and increased oxidised glutathione (GSSG), lowering the GSH:GSSG ratio, which is indicative of a condition of oxidative stress. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the brain, which were biomarkers of neurotoxicity and oxidative stress, respectively, were also highly inhibited. Recovery in a 0.5 mM (81.6 mg l -1 ) NAC concentration ameliorated muscular GSH depletion, GSH:GSSG ratio, and the inhibition of brain AChE and GR activities. Hence, this is the first evidence of improved recovery of organophosphate-poisoned fish by bath treatments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The balance between ROS production and antioxidant defences determines the degree of oxidative damage. In fact, dichlorvos has induced oxidative-stress effects in carp Cyprinus carpio and catfish Ictalurus nebulosus (Hai et al 1997).…”

Section: Increased Recovery Of Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased recovery of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in dichlorvos-intoxicated European eels Anguilla anguilla by bath treatment with N-acetylcysteine

Peña-Llopis¹,

Ferrando²,

Jb³

2003

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…However, oxidative stress levels in fish from waters contaminated by different concentrations of pesticides were entirely different (29), and in some cases a clearly inhibitory effect was observed. Crestani et al (30) for instance, observed a reduction in CAT activity in the liver of silver catfish exposed to the herbicide clomazone.…”

Section: Figure 1 Levels Of Catalase (Cat) Glutathione-s-transferasementioning

confidence: 97%

Different Enzymatic Activities in Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) as Potential Biomarkers of Exposure to the Pesticide Methomyl

Hernández‐Moreno

Resino

Flores

et al. 2014

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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This study investigated the influence of the pesticide methomyl on different enzymatic activities in carp. The fish were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (0.34 mg L -1 ) of methomyl for 15 days. On days 4 and 15, catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were measured in the liver and gills. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain and muscle was also determined. Liver catalase activity slightly increased in exposed fish when compared to controls, but it was statistically significant only at the beginning of the experiment. No changes in CAT activity in the gills of exposed and control animals were observed (mean values were in the range 10.7-11.7 nmol min -1 per mg of protein). Liver GST activity was slightly inhibited in the exposed animals at the beginning of the study; however, it was significantly inhibited in the gills. Brain AChE activity was diminished throughout the experiment and significantly decreased after 96 h of exposure compared to controls (0.041 vs. 0.075 nmol min -1 per mg of protein; p<0.001). Our findings suggest that CAT, GST, and AChE are reliable biomarkers of effect after exposure to methomyl.

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“…In a survey including halogenated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, carbamates and other classes of pesticides, Borzsonyi et al (1984) found 29 pesticides to be definite or suspected genotoxic agents. Several studies on the effect of pesticides in different fish species have been carried out recently using different genotoxicological tools (Hai et al, 1997;Das & John, 1999;PenaLlopis et al, 2003). However, genotoxicity studies of pesticides on various indigenous fish species of India are very limited.…”

Section: Genotoxic Effects Of Pesticides In Living Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild (1975) focused attention on the electrophilic activity as the fundamental cause of the toxicity of these compounds and considered DNA alkylation as one of the reasons for the production of genotoxicity (Hodgson & Levi, 1996;Yadav & Kaushik, 2002). Oxidative stresses due to the OP pesticides are also well evidenced in fishes like Cyprinus carpio, catfish Ictalurus nebulosus (Hai et al, 1997) and in the European eel Anguilla anguilla (Pena-Llopis et al, 2003). Carbamates constitute another major group of pesticides and many of them have been reported to show mutagenic properties in various test systems.…”

Section: Genotoxic Effects Of Pesticides In Living Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity Testing in Pesticide Safety Evaluation

Mohanty¹,

Mohanty²,

Jena³

et al. 2011

Pesticides in the Modern World - Pests Control and Pesticides Exposure and Toxicity Assessment

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Organophosphate Effects on Antioxidant System of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus)

Cited by 85 publications

References 15 publications

Increased recovery of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in dichlorvos-intoxicated European eels Anguilla anguilla by bath treatment with N-acetylcysteine

Increased recovery of brain acetylcholinesterase activity in dichlorvos-intoxicated European eels Anguilla anguilla by bath treatment with N-acetylcysteine

Different Enzymatic Activities in Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) as Potential Biomarkers of Exposure to the Pesticide Methomyl

Genotoxicity Testing in Pesticide Safety Evaluation

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