Organophosphorous Insecticides, Dimethyl 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Phosphate (DDVP), Organic Phosphorus Compound Highly Toxic to Insects

Mattson, A. M.; Spillane, Janet T.; Pearce, G. W.

doi:10.1021/jf60050a002

Cited by 53 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…6" 735 (639-845) (Asai et al 1977) 6" 1730 (1404-2127)** (2 685 (606-774) (Asai et al 1977) "1600-4400 (Ben-Dyke et al 1970) *3900-4400 (Izmerov et al 1982) *3000-4000 (Frank 1948) 6" 1450 (1075-1978)** 6" 57 (51-63)**, 6" 80 (62-104) (Mattson et al 1955), 6" 110 (Ueda et al 1960) (2 49 (42-55)**, (2 56 (48-65) (Mattson et al 1955), (2 54 (25-111) (Gajewski and Katkiwiz 1981), 6" (2 30 (Holmstedt et al 1978) 6" 33-42 (Worthing and Walker 1983), 6" 36 (33-40) (Gaines 1960), 6" 37.5** (2 7.7 (6.9-8.6) (Gaines 1960), (2 14 10. Potassium cyanide b 6" <20 6" <20 9 <20…”

Section: Assessment Of Acute Oral and Dermal Toxicity By Simple Screementioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method for screening assessment of acute toxicity of chemicals

et al. 1990

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We proposed a simple method for screening assessment of acute oral and dermal toxicity using only three rats and mice of each sex at each dose level. Animals were first treated with chemicals at a dose of 2000 mg/kg and were carefully observed for compound-related morbidity and mortality. If none of the animals died, the following toxicity tests were suspended. If some of the animals died, toxicity tests at doses of 200 and 20 mg/kg were performed. The approximate LD50 values calculated by this method showed little difference between two separate laboratories and were in good agreement with LD50 values reported in the literature. Our toxicological data also showed that LD50 values were about 2-2.5 times the MNLD (maximum non lethal dose) in acute oral and dermal toxicity. This meant that a chemical could be regarded as having an LD50 of about 4000 mg/kg or higher when there was no mortality at the dose of 2000 mg/kg. A chemical with such low toxicity would not require further testing for lethal effects. Therefore, this simple method combining the fixed-dose procedure with the limit test is suitable for determination of approximate LD50 values of chemicals and for screening for necessity for classical full LD50 test using many animals.

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Section: Assessment Of Acute Oral and Dermal Toxicity By Simple Screementioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method for screening assessment of acute toxicity of chemicals

et al. 1990

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“…However, Vap20 is very different from the Þrst two insecticides, as the active ingredient, the organophosphate dichlorvos, has a high vapor pressure and readily volatilizes at normal room temperatures. Dichlorvos vapor is highly toxic to insects and has been demonstrated to be an effective space treatment when applied as a vapor (Mattson et al 1955. Because this insecticide is toxic in the vapor phase, it is difÞcult to relate spatial pattern in efÞcacy with distribution of droplets and droplet size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Pattern in Aerosol Insecticide Deposition Inside a Flour Mill

2014

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Aerosol insecticides are commonly used for management of stored-product pests inside food facilities, but the physical complexity of the interior of most food facilities may inßuence the dispersal and deposition of droplets and create spatial variation in dosage. The spatial pattern in aerosol deposition was evaluated inside a ßour mill using a high density grid of bioassay insects. Three insecticides, Aerotech with NyGuard and Pyrocide 100 ϩ Diacon II, both pyrethrin and insect growth regulator combinations, and Vap20, an organophosphate, were evaluated at normal (27ЊC) and high (40ЊC) target temperatures. Using a newly developed efÞcacy index, there was spatial pattern to aerosol deposition detected for the pyrethrin insecticides and the pattern differed between aerosols and temperatures. Walls and corners, especially behind the direction of application, were especially vulnerable to zones of lower efÞcacy, and open areas in center of the room tended to have the highest efÞcacy. The organophosphate insecticide provided complete efÞcacy at all bioassay dish locations, probably due in part to its vapor toxicity. Using boxes 1 m in depth and 5, 10, or 20 cm in height and open on only one end, it was shown that aerosol dispersal under horizontal surfaces could be impacted by gap height, aerosol, and temperature. These results show the potential for spatial variation in aerosol efÞcacy within a food facility and identify locations with the potential to receive a lower insecticide dosage. To increase overall efÞcacy, these locations may be targeted for additional interventions to provide more uniform pest population suppression.

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“…These impurities may be by-products of the manufacturing process, may be introduced as contaminants during mixing, or may be formed during storage. Among the pesticides known to have been contaminated with toxie by-products are aldrin (BALL et al 1953), chlordan (INGLE 1953), DDD (CUETO and BROWN 1958), diazinon (GYSIN and MARGOT 1958), and triehlorofon (MATTSON et al 1955). Contamination of formulations with an extraneous pesticide during mixing could be particularly troublesome if the contaminant were one of the persistent materials, since the formulation might be used to treat feed for dairy cattle or for other purposes where persistent residues are undesirable.…”

Section: Interaction With Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residue Reviews / Rückstands-Berichte

1967

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Organophosphorous Insecticides, Dimethyl 2,2-Dichlorovinyl Phosphate (DDVP), Organic Phosphorus Compound Highly Toxic to Insects

Cited by 53 publications

References 2 publications

A simple method for screening assessment of acute toxicity of chemicals

A simple method for screening assessment of acute toxicity of chemicals

Spatial Pattern in Aerosol Insecticide Deposition Inside a Flour Mill

Residue Reviews / Rückstands-Berichte

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