Organophosphorus pesticides enhance the genotoxicity of benzo(a)pyrene by modulating its metabolism

In vivo alternative assessment of the chemicals that interfere with anterior pituitary POMC expression and interrenal steroidogenesis in POMC: EGFP transgenic zebrafish

“…The major adverse effects of exposure have been observed in the nervous system, and even more recently, their genotoxicity has been documented (Hreljac and Filipic, 2009). However, some OPs have been positively associated with certain developmental and reproductive effects.…”

Mutagenicity and DNA Damage of Bisphenol a and its Structural Analogues in Hepg2 Cells

“…These cells were selected as they express a range of xenobiotic-metabolising enzymes (36)(37)(38)(39)(40) as well as ERα and ERβ receptors (41). The HepG2 cells were provided by Professor Firouz Darroudi (Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden, The Netherlands).…”

Organophosphorous Pesticides - Mechanisms of Their Toxicity

“…General structure of OPs. X represents the leaving group, R1 and R2 the side, usually alkoxy, group (adapted from Hreljac, 2009) In very toxic warfare agents the leaving group contains fluorine (F), which has high tendency to hydrolysis and thus extremely high AcHE inhibition. In less toxic OPs the leaving group usually contains alkyl or aryl groups.…”

“…Micronucleus in this concept is the name given to the small nucleus that forms whenever a chromosome or fragment of a chromosome is not incorporated into one of the daughter nuclei during cell division, and reflects structural or numerical chromosomal aberration. The micronucleus assay (Hreljac et al, 2009) was performed according to the method optimized by Yamamoto et al (2005) (Figure 10). HepG2 cells were seeded on chamber slides and left overnight to attach.…”

“…9. The principle of the micronucleus test (adapted from Hreljac, 2009) The effect on cell proliferation has been determined by cell cycle analysis, using flow cytometry, MTT viability and proliferation assay, and immunostaining for Ki-67 proliferation marker. Immunostaining for Ki-67 proliferation marker (Figure 10) is a method for detecting proliferating cells.…”