“…It has been found, for example, that the injection of potentially harmf ul Solutions into a malpositioned catheter may result in severe vascular and tissue damage [12,25]. Several severe necroses were described following the injection of THAM for treatment of acidosis [9,13]. A recent report by KEUTH [10], who used X-rays for control of catheter placement, indicated correct positioning of the catheter in the vena cava in only 29% of cases.…”