“…Another dimension distinction is between alignment and adaptability that Gibson and Birkinshaw (2004) introduced to the literature (Gibson & Birkinshaw, 2004). Among research in the field of OA, studies by March (1991), Benner and Tushman (2003), He and Wong (2004), Lubatkin et al (2006), Menguc and Auh (2008), Raisch and Birkinshaw (2008), O'Reilly and Tushman (2013Tushman ( ), G€ unsel et al (2018, Clauss et al (2021), andWenke et al (2021) adopted the approach based on exploitation and exploration capabilities while studies by Gibson and Birkinshaw (2004), De Clercq et al (2013), and Kortmann et al (2014 adopted the approach based on the distinction between alignment and adaptability (Bakan & Sezer, 2017;Kumkale, 2022). Although studies investigate OA with different dimensions, exploitation and exploration capabilities are the most widely used (Cheng & Van de Ven, 1996).…”