Orientation and disorientation: Lessons from patients with epilepsy

Peer, Michael; Lyon, Ronit; Arzy, Shahar

doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.09.055

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Considering sub-items of cognition are located in different regions of the brain, we think that different brain regions have different sensitivity to malnutrition. It is reported that the affected brain regions involved in disorientation include mostly the middle temporal and parietal cortices [36], networks involving the temporal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are shown to support language processing [37,38], posterior cingulate cortex is related to attention function [39]. Thus, temporal cortex, In this study, we find that lower weight and BMI are independent risk factors for malnutrition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Associations of cognitive condition with nutritional status in an elderly population: an analysis based on a 7-year database in Chongqing, the Southwest of China

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Malnutrition is one of the health problems in the elderly population, which increases the risk of poor clinical outcomes. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the nutritional status and cognitive function of an elderly Chinese population, to explore the association between malnutrition and cognitive condition as well as the cognitive domain.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2365 participants aged 60 years or above from January 2013 to September 2019. We used the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess the impact of malnutrition on cognitive function.Nutrition-associated factors were analyzed.Results: 33.45% of the participants were identified as malnutrition risk and 5.54% were malnourished, while 36.74% had cognitive impairments. 48.63% had nutritional deficits and 53.65% had cognitive impairment in those over 80 years old. Malnutrition is associated with global cognition (ρ= 0.349, P < 0.0001) and the cognitive domain particularly in orientation (ρ= 0.343, P < 0.0001). The impact was extended to attention and calculation (ρ=0.310, P < 0.0001) as well as language (ρ= 0.302, P < 0.0001) of those over 80 years of age. Malnutrition is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment after adjusting for other variables (OR=2.004, 95% CI: 1.621-2.479).Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition and cognitive impairment was relatively high and increased with age. Malnutrition leads to cognitive decline and disorientation, and also contributes to attention problems, calculation problem and language impairment in the oldest old. Thus, clinicians should assess the nutritional and cognitive status of the elderly regularly to the early dictation and timely intervention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Associations of cognitive condition with nutritional status in an elderly population: an analysis based on a 7-year database in Chongqing, the Southwest of China

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…It is from this “self-location” in time that the individual re-orients herself with respect to different events, in past or future (Arzy et al, 2009a ; Peer et al, 2015 ). To reiterate, MTT comprises of several distinct processes, among them: self-projection to a specific self-location in time, imagination of the relevant event (that is, the act of remembering a past event or of prospecting a future one), and self-orientation with respect to other events (Peer et al, 2014 , 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Dissociation of Neocortical and Hippocampal Contributions to Mental Time Travel Using Intracranial Recordings in Humans

Schurr

Nitzan

Eliahou

et al. 2018

Front. Comput. Neurosci.

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In mental time travel (MTT) one is “traveling” back-and-forth in time, remembering, and imagining events. Despite intensive research regarding memory processes in the hippocampus, it was only recently shown that the hippocampus plays an essential role in encoding the temporal order of events remembered, and therefore plays an important role in MTT. Does it also encode the temporal relations of these events to the remembering self? We asked patients undergoing pre-surgical evaluation with depth electrodes penetrating the temporal lobes bilaterally toward the hippocampus to project themselves in time to a past, future, or present time-point, and then make judgments regarding various events. Classification analysis of intracranial evoked potentials revealed clear temporal dissociation in the left hemisphere between lateral-temporal electrodes, activated at ~100–300 ms, and hippocampal electrodes, activated at ~400–600 ms. This dissociation may suggest a division of labor in the temporal lobe during self-projection in time, hinting toward the different roles of the lateral-temporal cortex and the hippocampus in MTT and the temporal organization of the related events with respect to the experiencing self.

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“…Such a network may be the Default Mode Network (DMN), which manages selfreferenced activity [35] and mental-orientation to the surrounding environment [36,37], and is known to be disturbed in psychosis [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“God has sent me to you”: Right temporal epilepsy, left prefrontal psychosis

Arzy¹,

Schurr²

2016

Epilepsy & Behavior

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Religious experiences have long been documented in patients with epilepsy, though their exact underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we had the rare opportunity to record a delusional religious conversion in real time in a patient with right temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing continuous video-EEG. In this patient, a messianic revelation experience occurred several hours after a complex partial seizure of temporal origin, compatible with postictal psychosis (PIP). We analyzed the recorded resting-state EEG epochs separately for each of the conventional frequency bands. Topographical analysis of the bandpass filtered EEG epochs revealed increased activity in the low-gamma range (30-40Hz) during religious conversion compared with activity during the patient's habitual state. The brain generator underlying this activity was localized to the left prefrontal cortex. This suggests that religious conversion in PIP is related to control mechanisms in the prefrontal lobe-related processes rather than medial temporal lobe-related processes.

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Orientation and disorientation: Lessons from patients with epilepsy

Cited by 30 publications

References 92 publications

Associations of cognitive condition with nutritional status in an elderly population: an analysis based on a 7-year database in Chongqing, the Southwest of China

Associations of cognitive condition with nutritional status in an elderly population: an analysis based on a 7-year database in Chongqing, the Southwest of China

Temporal Dissociation of Neocortical and Hippocampal Contributions to Mental Time Travel Using Intracranial Recordings in Humans

“God has sent me to you”: Right temporal epilepsy, left prefrontal psychosis

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