Origin of components in Chilean thermal waters

Raffi, François; Fritz, Bertrand; Hauser, Arturo

doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2010.07.002

Cited by 58 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…10a). These values are within the range (c. 2‰-5‰) found in groundwaters draining a Cu-porphyry in the north of Chile (Leybourne & Cameron 2000) and also in those thermal waters in Chile which have a major component of alteration water (Risacher et al 2011). The δ 18 O SO4 values (−7.7-8.3‰, mean 1.3‰) are also consistent with waters that have oxidized sulphide sources.…”

Section: Hydrothermally Altered Areassupporting

confidence: 76%

“…10a). As discussed previously for the hydrothermal alteration source, these δ 34 S values are also in the range found in groundwaters draining a Cu-porphyry in the north of Chile (Leybourne & Cameron 2000) and in thermal waters in Chile (Risacher et al 2011). The low δ 18 O SO4 values (−4.5 to −0.4‰, mean −1.7‰) are also consistent with waters that have oxidized sulphide sources and their proximity to δ 18 O-H 2 O is explained as most of the oxygen in the sulphate comes from the ambient stream water during sulphide oxidation (Nordstrom et al 2007).…”

Section: Copper Mineralizationsupporting

confidence: 74%

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Regional hydrogeochemical mapping in Central Chile: natural and anthropogenic sources of elements and compounds

Jorquera

Oates

Plant

et al. 2014

GEEA

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Geochemistry is a key tool in identifying sources of elements for both mineral exploration and environmental purposes. This study evaluates the first systematic regional hydrogeochemical survey for environmental assessments of the classic Andean copper mineral province and the Andina-Los Bronces mining district of Central Chile. One hundred and fortyfive water samples were collected systematically in the Valparaíso and Metropolitana Regions of Central Chile, including the capital, Santiago. The concentrations of more than 70 elements and compounds were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ion chromatography (IC) along with the stable isotopes (δD, δ 18 O, δ 34 S, δ 18 O SO4 , δ 15 N and δ 18 O NO3 ) and used to define the geochemical baselines in the area and distinguish between different sources. The geochemistry demonstrates the potential to distinguish between natural (bedrock, hydrothermal alteration and mineralization) and anthropogenic (agriculture, sewage and urban) sources of elements. The distribution patterns of many chemicals show a strong correlation with the presence of evaporitic components (Ca, SO 4 2-, Sr, K, Rb, total dissolved solids (TDS)), hydrothermal alteration and sulphide mineralization (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Co and REEs). High concentrations of nitrate, phosphate and alkalinity occur downstream of agricultural areas and reflect pollution from fertilizers. Overall, the catchment areas affected by mining activities are relatively small and highly localized compared to those affected by agriculture and urban centres.

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Section: Hydrothermally Altered Areassupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Copper Mineralizationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Regional hydrogeochemical mapping in Central Chile: natural and anthropogenic sources of elements and compounds

Jorquera

Oates

Plant

et al. 2014

GEEA

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“…chlorite; 3) the Cl − / Br − ratios were b750, i.e. in the range of geothermal brines (≤ 650) (Fontes and Matray, 1993;Davis et al, 2001;Risacher et al, 2011) (Fig. 5b).…”

Section: Processes Controlling the Chemistry Of Watersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fluid geochemistry of a deep-seated geothermal resource in the Puna plateau (Jujuy Province, Argentina)

Arnold

Cabassi

Tassi

et al. 2017

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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This study focused on the geochemical and isotopic features of thermal fluids discharged from five zones located in the high altitude Puna plateau (Jujuy Province between S 22°20′-23°20′ and W 66°-67°), i.e. Granada, Vilama, Pairique, Coranzulí and Olaroz. Partially mature waters with a Na + -Cl − composition were recognized in all the investigated zones, suggesting that a deep hydrothermal reservoir hosted within the Paleozoic crystalline basement represents the main hydrothermal fluid source. The hydrothermal reservoirs are mainly recharged by meteoric water, although based on the δ 18 O-H 2 O and δD-H 2 O values, some contribution of andesitic water cannot be completely ruled out. Regional S-oriented faulting systems, which generated a horst and graben tectonics, and NE-, NW-and WE-oriented transverse structures, likely act as preferentially uprising pathways for the deep-originated fluids, as also supported by the Rc/Ra values (up to 1.39) indicating the occurrence of significant amounts of mantle He (up to 16%). Carbon dioxide, the most abundant compound in the gas phase associated with the thermal waters, mostly originated from a crustal source, although the occurrence of CO 2 from a mantle source, contaminated by organic-rich material due to the subduction process, is also possible. Relatively small and cold Na + -HCO 3 − -type aquifers were produced by the interaction between meteoric water and Cretaceous, Palaeogene to Miocene sediments. Dissolution of evaporitic surficial deposits strongly affected the chemistry of the thermal springs in the peripheral zones of the study area. Geothermometry in the Na-K-Ca-Mg system suggested equilibrium temperatures up to 200°C for the deep aquifer, whereas lower temperatures (from 105 to 155°C) were inferred by applying the H 2 geothermometer, likely due to re-equilibrium processes during the thermal fluid uprising within relatively shallow Na-HCO 3 aquifers. The great depth of the geothermal resource (possibly N 5000 m b.g.l.) is likely preventing further studies aimed to evaluate possible exploitation, although the occurrence of Liand Ba-rich deposits associated may attract financial investments, giving a pulse for the development of this remote region.

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“…The coastal thermal waters at northern Republic of Djibouti [1], Greece [2,3], Turkey [4][5][6], and West Coast of India [7] are significantly affected by seawater, resulting in high salinity. However, despite being coastal geothermal systems, the coastal thermal waters at North Chile [8] and Sri Lanka Island [9], for instance, are much more diluted by the respective local meteoric fresh water, and those with high salinity appeared to be related to water-rock interactions [10] and mixing with brine [5] instead of seawater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Geothermometry Applications of Thermal Waters in Coastal Xinzhou and Shenzao Geothermal Fields, Guangdong, China

Wang

2018

Geofluids

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Two separate groups of geothermal waters have been identified in the coastal region of Guangdong, China. One is Xinzhou thermal water of regional groundwater flow system in a granite batholith and the other is thermal water derived from shallow coastal aquifers in Shenzao geothermal field, characterized by high salinity. The hydrochemical characteristics of the thermal waters were examined and characterized as Na-Cl and Ca-Na-Cl types, which are very similar to that of seawater. The hydrochemical evolution is revealed by analyzing the correlations of components versus Cl and their relative changes for different water samples, reflecting different extents of water-rock interactions and clear mixing trends with seawaters. Nevertheless, isotopic data indicate that thermal waters are all of the meteoric origins. Isotopic data also allowed determination of different recharge elevations and presentation of different mixing proportions of seawater with thermal waters. The reservoir temperatures were estimated by chemical geothermometries and validated by fluid-mineral equilibrium calculations. The most reliable estimates of reservoir temperature lie in the range of 148-162 ∘ C for Xinzhou and the range of 135-144 ∘ C for Shenzao thermal waters, based on the retrograde and prograde solubilities of anhydrite and chalcedony. Finally, a schematic cross-sectional fault-hydrology conceptual model was proposed.

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Origin of components in Chilean thermal waters

Cited by 58 publications

References 62 publications

Regional hydrogeochemical mapping in Central Chile: natural and anthropogenic sources of elements and compounds

Regional hydrogeochemical mapping in Central Chile: natural and anthropogenic sources of elements and compounds

Fluid geochemistry of a deep-seated geothermal resource in the Puna plateau (Jujuy Province, Argentina)

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Geothermometry Applications of Thermal Waters in Coastal Xinzhou and Shenzao Geothermal Fields, Guangdong, China

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