Melting and crystallization processes on the Earth and Moon are explored in this thesis, and the topics of melt generation, transport, and crystallization are discussed in three distinct geologic environments: the Moon's mantle, the Greenland ice sheet, and the Earth's crust. Experiments have been conducted to determine the conditions of origin for two high-titanium magmas from the Moon. The lunar experiments (Chapter 2) were designed to explore the effects of variable oxygen fugacity (f O 2 ) on the high pressure and high temperature crystallization of olivine and orthopyroxene in high-Ti magmas. The results of these experiments showed that the source regions for the high-Ti lunar magmas are distributed both laterally and vertically within the lunar mantle, and that it is critical to estimate the pre-eruptive oxygen fugacity in order to determine true depth of origin for these magmas within the lunar mantle. Chapter 3 models the behavior of water flow through the Greenland ice sheet driven by hydrofracture of water through ice. The results show that melt water in the ablation zone of Greenland has almost immediate access to the base of the ice sheet in areas with up two kilometers of ice. Chapter 4 is an experimental study of two hydrous high-silica mantle melts from the Mt. Shasta, CA region. Crystallization is simulated at H 2 O saturated conditions at all crustal depths, and a new geobarometerhygrometer based on amphibole magnesium number is calibrated. In Chapter 5 I use the new barometer to study a suite of mafic enclaves from the Mt. Shasta region, and apply it to amphiboles in these enclaves. Evidence for pre-eruptive H 2 O contents of up to 14 wt% is presented, and bulk chemical analyses of the inclusions are used to show that extensive magma mixing has occurred at all crustal depths up to 35 km beneath Mt. Shasta. Tim Grove. I can never repay all the knowledge, time, trust, friendship, and guidance that you have freely given to me. You are more than an advisor; you made me feel like family. Your endless energy and passion for petrology has rubbed off on me, and has reinforced my desire to pursue the origins of igneous rocks. The time we spent in the field is the most fun I have ever had, and has taught me that geology necessarily happens in the field as well as the lab. Those experiences will shape the future of my geologic career. In the lab you trusted me to make my own scientific decisions, and then patiently helped me fix all the equipment I broke and set me straight on some of the wacky decisions I made! You read all of the early drafts of this thesis, practiced all my talks over and over with me, and at times I know it was painful, but you shaped me into a scientist. I am truly honored that my thesis will always sit right above your desk, with all of your great students. I hope that someday I will live up to your expectations of me and I promise to pass on the dedication and care to my own students that you have showed me. In the future, stop by for a visit in my thermodynamics/petrology/...