Origin of periodic domain structure in Er3+-doped β′-(Sm,Gd)2(MoO4)3 crystal lines patterned by laser irradiations in glasses

Magnetic properties and homogeneous distribution of Gd3+ ions in gadolinium molybdenum borate glass with high Gd2O3 content

“…As reported in the previous papers [9][10][11][12], b 0 -Gd 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 crystals with an orthorhombic structure (Pba2) are formed directly as the initial crystalline phase in the crystallization of 21.25Gd 2 O 3 -63.75MoO 3 -15B 2 O 3 glass. In the phase diagram of the binary RE 2 O 3 -MoO 3 system, a-RE 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 crystal with a monoclinic structure (C2/c) is present as the low temperature stable phase.…”

“…Recently, new glasses with the composition of 21.15RE 2 O 3 -63.75MoO 3 -15B 2 O 3 , which show the crystallization of ferroelastic b 0 -RE 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 crystals, have been developed and discrete crystal lines and two-dimensional planar crystals consisting of b 0 -RE 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 have been patterned successfully by laser irradiation on their glass surface [8][9][10][11][12]. Acentric rare-earth molybdates, b 0 -RE 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 , (RE: Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, and Dy), are well-known unique crystals possessing both ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity, having potential for optical device applications [13][14][15].…”

“…technique. It has been reported that b 0 -RE 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 crystals are synthesized through the crystallization of 21.25RE 2 O 3 -63.75MoO 3 -15B 2 O 3 glasses in an electric furnace or by laser irradiation [8][9][10][11][12]. Commercial powders of reagent grade Gd 2 O 3 , MoO 3 , and H 3 BO 3 were used as starting materials.…”

Laser Patterning of Non-Linear Optical Bi2ZnB2O7 Crystal Lines in Glass

“…The present authors group proposed new laser irradiation techniques for the patterning of crystals with dot, line, and two-dimensional planar shapes in glasses, i.e., the rare-earth atom heat (REAH) processing and transition metal atom heat (TMAH) processing (Sato et al, 2001;Honma et al, 2003Honma et al, , 2006Komatsu et al, 2007Komatsu et al, , 2013, and various crystals such as ferroelectric LiNbO3 Komatsu et al, 2011), multi-ferroic '-RE2(MoO4)3 (RE: rare-earth) Tsukada et al, 2009;Suzuki et al, 2010), nonlinear optical Li2Si2O5 (Honma et al, 2008), oxyfluoride BaAlBO3F2 (Shinozaki et al, 2012), and fluoride CaF2 (Shinozaki et al, 2013) have been patterned successfully in glasses. In the laser-induced crystallization, a steep temperature gradient is created in the laser irradiated local region and such a steep temperature gradient is moved along laser scanning direction, consequently providing the patterning of crystals with a high orientation.…”

Optical detection of near infrared femtosecond laser-heating of Er3+-doped ZnO–Nb2O5–TeO2 glass by green up-conversion fluorescence of Er3+ ions

“…In most cases, a direct heating mechanism exciting atomic vibrations was used by carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser at 10 mm [2][3][4] and Nd 3 + -doped yttrium aluminum garnet Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (YAG) at 1.064 mm [4][5][6]. Recently, Komatsu's group [7][8][9][10][11] used a continuous-wave (cw) Nd:YAG laser to precipitate nonlinear crystals exhibiting second-harmonic generation (SHG) in silicate, borate, tellurite glasses, etc. It is also reported that laser is useful for fabricating an optical waveguide on glass [12][13][14].…”