Origin of the Lake Ohrid gammarid species flock: ancient local phylogenetic lineage diversification

Wysocka, Anna; Grabowski, Michał; Sworobowicz, Lidia; Mamos, Tomasz; Burzyński, Artur; Sell, Jerzy

doi:10.1111/jbi.12335

Cited by 44 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the frequent allopatry observed in many Gammarus species is the result of geological vicariant events of Tertiary age and that the majority of extant freshwater species originated in the Late Tertiary (Hou et al 2007;2013;Wysocka et al 2014). During this period, the Carpathian Mountain range was a geomorphologically highly dynamic archipelago surrounded by the shallow Central Paratethys Sea (Popov et al 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…balcanicus. Although both above-mentioned subspecies are presently synonymized with G. balcanicus (G. Karaman & Pinkster 1987), it seems likely that many such synonymized taxa might actually be distinct species (Hou et al 2011, Wysocka et al 2014. Thus, we considered it appropriate to show the morphology and distribution of the Romanian morphs of G. balcanicus separately, to facilitate future taxonomic and systematic studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zoogeography of epigean freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) in Romania: <br />fragmented distributions and wide altitudinal variability

Copilaş‐Ciocianu

Grabowski

Pârvulescu

et al. 2014

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Inland epigean freshwater amphipods of Romania are diverse and abundant for this region has a favourable geographical position between the Balkans and the Black Sea. Excluding Ponto-Caspian species originating in brackish waters and freshwater subterranean taxa, there are 11 formally recognized epigean freshwater species recorded from this country. They belong to 3 genera, each representing a different family: Gammarus (Gammaridae, 8 species or species complexes), Niphargus (Niphargidae, 2 epigean species) and Synurella (Crangonyctidae, one species). Their large-scale distribution patterns nevertheless remain obscure due to insufficient data, consequently limiting biogeographical interpretations. We provide extensive new data with high resolution distribution maps, thus improving the knowledge of the ranges of these taxa. Gammarus species display substantial altitudinal variability and patchy, fragmented distribution patterns. They occur abundantly, particularly in springs and streams, from lowlands to sub-mountainous and mountainous regions. In the light of recent molecular research, we hypothesize that the complex geomorphological dynamics of the Carpathian region during the Late Tertiary probably contributed to their allopatric distribution pattern. Contrasting with Gammarus, the genera Niphargus and Synurella exhibit low altitudinal variability, broad ecological valences and overlapping distributions, being widespread throughout the lowlands. The current distribution of N. hrabei and N. valachicus seems to be linked to the extent of the Paratethys during the Early Pliocene or Pleistocene. We further discuss the taxonomic validity of two synonymized and one apparently undescribed taxon, and provide an updated pictorial identification key that includes all taxa and forms discussed in our study. The mosaic distribution of epigean freshwater amphipod species in Romania shows that this region is particularly suitable for phylo-and biogeographical analyses of this group.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoogeography of epigean freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) in Romania: <br />fragmented distributions and wide altitudinal variability

Copilaş‐Ciocianu

Grabowski

Pârvulescu

et al. 2014

Zootaxa

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“…This suggests that the high endemic species richness in Lake Ohrid invertebrates is predominantly a result of intralacustrine diversification (cradle function; e.g. Albrecht et al, 2006Wilke et al, 2007;Schultheiß et al, 2008;Wysocka et al, 2014;Föller et al, 2015). Interestingly, the situation is different for plant species inhabiting the surrounding of Lake Ohrid.…”

Section: Drivers Of Biodiversity Changementioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental and evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): interim results from the SCOPSCO deep drilling project

et al. 2017

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Abstract. This study reviews and synthesises existing information generated within the SCOPSCO (Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid) deep drilling project. The four main aims of the project are to infer (i) the age and origin of Lake Ohrid (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia/Republic of Albania), (ii) its regional seismotectonic history, (iii) volcanic activity and climate change in the central northern Mediterranean region, and (iv) the influence of major geological events on the evolution of its endemic species. The Ohrid basin formed by transtension during the Miocene, opened during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, and the lake established de novo in the still relatively narrow valley between 1.9 and 1.3 Ma. The lake history is recorded in a 584 m long sediment sequence, which was recovered within the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) from the central part (DEEP site) of the lake in spring 2013. To date, 54 tephra and cryptotephra horizons have been found in the upper 460 m of this sequence. Tephrochronology and tuning biogeochemical proxy data to orbital parameters revealed that the upper 247.8 m represent the last 637 kyr. The multi-proxy data set covering these 637 kyr indicates longterm variability. Some proxies show a change from generally cooler and wetter to drier and warmer glacial and interglacial periods around 300 ka. Short-term environmental change caused, for example, by tephra deposition or the climatic impact of millennial-scale Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events are superimposed on the long-term trends. Evolutionary studies on the extant fauna indicate that Lake Ohrid was not a refugial area for regional freshwater animals. This differs from the surrounding catchment, where the mountainous setting with relatively high water availability provided a refuge for temperate and montane trees during the relatively cold and dry glacial periods. Although Lake Ohrid experienced significant environmental change over the last 637 kyr, preliminary molecular data from extant microgastropod species do not indicate significant changes in diversification rate during this period. The reasons for this constant rate remain largely unknown, but a possible lack of environmentally induced extinction events in Lake Ohrid and/or the high resilience of the ecosystems may have played a role.

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“…The models suggested for the COI and 16S rRNA fragments were GTR+I+ and GTR+I, respectively. We tested the COI data set for substitutional saturation using the test by Xia and Xie (2001) as implemented in DAMBE 5.0.23 (Xia and Xie, 2001). The value for the proportion of invariant sites (Pinv = 0.46) was obtained from the jModelTest output.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Inference and Molecular-clock Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, a number of more than 300 endemic eukaryotic species for ancient Lake Ohrid is conceivable. The majority of the animal groups form relatively old species flocks in several higher taxa, including crustaceans (Wysocka et al, 2008(Wysocka et al, , 2014, leeches (Trajanovski et al, 2010), and gastropods (Albrecht et al, 2006;Wilke et al, 2007Wilke et al, , 2009. In fact, gastropods represent the most speciose animal group in Lake Ohrid, with 74 species described, 56 of which are endemic to the lake and its catchment Albrecht et al, 2009Albrecht et al, , 2014Hauffe et al, 2011;Radoman, 1985).…”

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Constant diversification rates of endemic gastropods in ancient Lake Ohrid: ecosystem resilience likely buffers environmental fluctuations

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Ancient lakes represent key ecosystems for endemic freshwater species. This high endemic biodiversity has been shown to be mainly the result of intra-lacustrine diversification. Whereas the principle role of this mode of diversification is generally acknowledged, actual diversification rates in ancient lakes remain little understood. At least four types are conceivable. Diversification rates may be constant over time, they may fluctuate, rates may be higher in the initial phase of diversification, or there may be a pronounced lag phase between colonization and subsequent diversification. As understanding the tempo of diversification in ancient lake environments may help reveal the underlying processes that drive speciation and extinction, we here use the Balkan Lake Ohrid as a model system and the largest species flock in the lake, the non-pyrgulinid Hydrobiidae, as a model taxon to study changes in diversification rates over time together with the respective drivers.Based on phylogenetic, molecular-clock, lineage-throughtime plot, and diversification-rate analyses we found that this potentially monophyletic group is comparatively old and that it most likely evolved with a constant diversification rate. Preliminary data of the SCOPSCO (Scientific Collaboration On Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid) deepdrilling program do indicate signatures of severe environmental/climatic perturbations in Lake Ohrid. However, so far there is no evidence for the occurrence of catastrophic environmental events. We therefore propose that the constant diversification rate observed in endemic gastropods has been caused by two factors: (i) a potential lack of catastrophic environmental events in Lake Ohrid and/or (ii) a probably high ecosystem resilience, buffering environmental changes. Parameters potentially contributing to the lake's high ecosystem resilience are its distinct bathymetry, ongoing tectonic activities, and karst hydrology.The current study not only contributes to one of the overall goals of the SCOPSCO deep-drilling program -inferring the driving forces for biotic evolution in Lake Ohrid. It might also enhance our understanding of how ecosystem resilience, in general, may promote relatively constant diversification rates in isolated ecosystems. However, we encourage future studies testing hypotheses about the lack of catastrophic events in Lake Ohrid. These studies should be based on high-resolution data for the entire geological history of the lake, and they should potentially involve information from the sediment fossil record, not only for gastropods but also for other groups with a high share of endemic taxa.

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Origin of the Lake Ohrid gammarid species flock: ancient local phylogenetic lineage diversification

Cited by 44 publications

References 53 publications

Zoogeography of epigean freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) in Romania: <br />fragmented distributions and wide altitudinal variability

Zoogeography of epigean freshwater Amphipoda (Crustacea) in Romania: <br />fragmented distributions and wide altitudinal variability

The environmental and evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): interim results from the SCOPSCO deep drilling project

Constant diversification rates of endemic gastropods in ancient Lake Ohrid: ecosystem resilience likely buffers environmental fluctuations

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