Origin of trace elements and inorganic ions in PM10 aerosols to the South of Mexico City

Báez, Peñaloza; García, Manuel; Torres, Benjamín; Padilla, Hugo; Bélmont, R.; Amador, Omar; Villalobos‐Pietrini, Rafael

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2006.11.003

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In both cases, these ratios were positive although from moderate to low at both sites. The positive correlations between SO 2− 4 and NO − 3 with NH + 4 indicate a possible common origin, although these associations also depend on the secondary characteristics of these pollutants and even more on the meteorological conditions, wind speed, and solar radiation (Fosco and Schmeling 2006;Báez et al 2007).…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Anions and Cationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Inorganic species generally comprise between 25% and 50% of the aerosol mass (Gray et al 1986), with sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate being the most abundant. Sulfates (SO 2− 4 ) and nitrates (NO − 3 ) are generated mainly from the oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ), respectively, which come from industrial emissions and the burning of fossil fuels (Cope et al 2004;Báez et al 2007), and they contribute to the acidification of rainwater, which alters the composition of soils and aquifers and further deteriorates historical monuments, structures, and vegetation (Cope et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionic species associated with PM2.5 in the City of Guadalajara, México during 2007

Hernández-Mena

Saldarriaga-Noreña

Carbajal–Romero

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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Atmospheric aerosol particles were collected from January to December 2007 at two sites in the City of Guadalajara. The first site (Centro) is located in the downtown, which is characterized by high vehicular traffic, and the second site (Miravalle) is in the southern part of the city, characterized by emissions from high industrial and vehicular activity. Sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium were the most abundant ions at both sites. Similar concentrations of sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium were observed throughout the year at Centro while only sulfates and nitrates were similar at Miravalle. From the balance of anions and cations at the two sites, Centro was determined to have acidic particles, while at Miravalle, the particles were alkaline. Based on the analysis of the ammonium/sulfate molar ratios, it was determined that in Centro, there was not enough ammonium to neutralize the sulfate, while at Miravalle, ammonium practically neutralized all sulfate.

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Section: Seasonal Variation Of Anions and Cationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic species associated with PM2.5 in the City of Guadalajara, México during 2007

Hernández-Mena

Saldarriaga-Noreña

Carbajal–Romero

et al. 2009

Environ Monit Assess

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“…However, Pb might be re-suspended from soil and road dust for the past uses with gasoline (Mar et al 2000). Other probable sources of Pb might include smelters, lead batteries, and leaded paints (Báez et al 2007). Incineration of municipal solid waste is also a predominant source of Pb (Zhang et al 2002).…”

Section: Spm Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Urban and suburban aerosol in Yokohama, Japan: a comprehensive chemical characterization

Khan

Shirasuna²,

Hirano³

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

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This article analyses elemental composition of suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples collected monthly from 1999 to 2005 at two locations in Yokohama, Japan. Microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy was employed to measure Mg, Al, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Cs, Ba, Pb, and Bi. Water-soluble ions (Na(+), NH(4+), K(+), Ca(2+), Cl(-), NO(3-), and SO(4)2-) and carbonaceous mass (elemental and organic carbon) were detected using ion chromatograph and CHN analyzer, respectively. The results indicate that the composition of SPM on one of the sites is determined by automobile emissions and on the other by industrial combustions. The impact of the emission regulations for automobiles in large Japanese cities, which were enacted during 2002 and 2003, on the SPM composition of the samples is also studied.

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“…In the background species such as Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ appear, which are primarily associated with a geological origin (resuspension of soil dust due to wind or vehicular traffic), indicating a contribution of natural sources to the chemical composition of PM2.5 [17] [22]- [24]. Also it is observed that the presence of Cl − suggests that this may come from combustion emissions during cooking, coal cars, vegetation burning and incineration [25] [16] The presence of K + in the aqueous extracts from PM2.5 may well have a geological origin, or to be related to emissions from biomass burning [26].…”

Section: Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it can be suggested that the different combustion processes contribute indirectly to the presence of sulfate and ammonium in the PM2.5, so that anthropogenic activities become important as sources of these species [13] [17]. Such precursors are originated mainly from the combustion processes of gasoline derived from petroleum [18] [19].…”

Section: Percentage Contribution Of Ionic Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Composition in Aqueous Extracts from PM2.5 in Ambient Air at the City of Cuernavaca, México

Saldarriaga-Noreña¹,

Hernández-Mena²,

Sánchez-Salinas³

et al. 2014

JEP

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The present study was carried out between May and June 2012 in the city of Cuernavaca, Mexico. During this time the average ambient temperatures were about 25˚C, suggesting the formation of secondary aerosols, consisting mainly of ammonium and sulfate. The average PM2.5 concentration was 37 µg·m −3 for the entire urban area and there were only two days which exceeded the limit established by the official standards for periods of 24 h. The most abundant ionic species associated with PM2.5 were sulfates (3634.82 ng·m −3 , average) and ammonium (1709.53 ng·m −3 , average). The ratio estimated between total anions and total cations indicated that the concentration of total anions was 1.94 times total cations. The contribution percentage of the ionic species associated with PM2.5 revealed that 76% of the PM2.5 is sulfates and ammonium. The ion balance made for the urban area of Cuernavaca indicated that during the study period, the aerosols showed alkaline characteristics; that is to say the concentration of anions was not sufficient to neutralize the cations, specifically ammonia (m = 0.060). Finally, wind fields showed that during the study the winds came in 50% from the south west, followed by 25% from east and 12.5% of the south east, which in part allowed transport of contaminants into the portion of the city, where the AUSM campus site was located.

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Origin of trace elements and inorganic ions in PM10 aerosols to the South of Mexico City

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Ionic species associated with PM2.5 in the City of Guadalajara, México during 2007

Ionic species associated with PM2.5 in the City of Guadalajara, México during 2007

Urban and suburban aerosol in Yokohama, Japan: a comprehensive chemical characterization

Ionic Composition in Aqueous Extracts from PM2.5 in Ambient Air at the City of Cuernavaca, México

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Origin of trace elements and inorganic ions in PM10 aerosols to the South of Mexico City

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

Ionic species associated with PM2.5 in the City of Guadalajara, México during 2007

Ionic species associated with PM2.5 in the City of Guadalajara, México during 2007

Urban and suburban aerosol in Yokohama, Japan: a comprehensive chemical characterization

Ionic Composition in Aqueous Extracts from PM2.5 in Ambient Air at the City of Cuernavaca, M&#233;xico

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Ionic Composition in Aqueous Extracts from PM2.5 in Ambient Air at the City of Cuernavaca, México