Standard ozone monltorlng technlques utlllze large, heavy, and expenslve Instruments that are not easlly adapted for personal or mlcroenvlronmental monltorlng. For largescale monltorlng projects, where spatlal varlatlons of a pollutant and human exposure assessments are of Interest, passlve sampllng devlces can provide the methodology to meet monltorlng and statlstlcal goals. Recently we developed a coated fllter for ozone collectlon that we used In a commerclally available passive sampllng devlce. Results from the ozone sampler valldatlon tests are presented. The paoslve ozone sampler used In fleld and laboratory experlments consists of a badge clip supportlng a barrel-shaped body whlch contalns two coated glass flber fllters. The principal component of the coatlng is nltrlte Ion, which In the presenceof ozone Is oxldlzed to nltrate Ion on the fllter medlum, N01-+ 0 3 -NOS-+ 0 2 .After sample collectlon, the filters are extracted wlth ultrapure water and analyzed for nltrate Ion by Ion chromatography. The results from laboratory and fleld valldatlon tests lndlcate excellent agreement between the paslve method and standard ozone monltorlng technlques. We have determined that relative humldlty (ranglng from 10 to 80%) and temperature (ranglng from 0 to 40 "C) at typlcal amblent ozone levels (40-100 ppb) do not Influence sampler performance. Face veloclty and sampler orlentation with respect to wlnd dlrectlon affected the sampler's collectlon rate of ozone. By using a protectlve cup which acts as both a wlnd screen and a raln cover, we were able to obtain a constant collectlon rate over a wlde range of wlnd speeds.

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The blood flow rates of 14 tissues in the body were determined by microsphere method using normal and tumor-bearing rats kept conscious or under urethane anesthesia. The effects on the blood flow rate in the tissues were assessed for multimodal therapy, systemic hypothermia for ischemic brain injury, and local hyperthermia and angiotensin II-induced hypertensive chemotherapy for cancer. Urethane anesthesia showed no effect on cardiac output, while there was a tendency of decrease of blood flow rate and % of cardiac output in each tissue other than muscle tissue, in which they increased as a counterbalance, in normal and tumor-bearing rats. Systemic hypothermia gave results similar to those of urethane anesthesia in normal rats, but for tumor-bearing rats, it decreased cardiac output, and consequently the blood flow rate in most tissues. Brain blood flow rate was about half of that in the conscious rats. Local hyperthermia also decreased the cardiac output and blood flow rate in each tissue, including the tumor tissue. Angiotensin II-induced hypertension showed no effect on cardiac output, had various effects on blood flow rate in each tissue, and led to no increase in the tumor blood flow rate. Simulations based on the physiological pharmacokinetic modeling suggested that intramuscular injection of a lung-specific derivative of ceftazidime would provide the ideal biodistribution to ensure its optimal therapeutic efficacy during systemic hypothermia. This methodology, namely the pharmacokinetic simulation based on the physiological values of the body, will provide a useful piece of information on drug delivery systems under various conditions.

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