Characterization of PM2.5, PM2.5–10 and PM&gt;10 in ambient air, Yokohama, Japan

Khan, Firoz; Shirasuna, Yuichiro; Hirano, Koichiro; Masunaga, Shigeki

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2009.12.009

Cited by 152 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For Miravalle NH4 + with K + and SO4 2− correlated significantly (p < 0.05), while in Centro SO4 2− and NO3 − correlated with NH4 + . This indicated that compounds such as (NH4)2SO4 and K2SO4 can coexist in Miravalle, while in Centro (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 are possible [56]. For the Centro site, a good correlation was observed between SO4 2− and NO3 − (0.76), which can likely be attributed to a similarity in formation conditions either from a shared emission source or a chemical conversion of their precursors through atmospheric processes [57].…”

Section: Potential Sources Of Ionic Species In Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 49%

Potential Sources of Trace Metals and Ionic Species in PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico: A Case Study during Dry Season

et al. 2015

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This study was conducted from May 25 to June 6, 2009 at a downtown location (Centro) and an urban sector (Miravalle) site in the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara (MZG) in Mexico. The atmospheric concentrations of PM 2.5 and its elemental and inorganic components were analyzed to identify their potential sources during the warm dry season. The daily measurements of PM 2.5 (24 h) exceeded the WHO (World Health Organization) air quality guidelines (25 µg¨m´3). The most abundant element was found to be Fe, accounting for 59.8% and 72.2% of total metals mass in Centro and Miravalle, respectively. The enrichment factor (EF) analysis showed a more significant contribution of non-crustal sources to the elements in ambient PM 2.5 in Centro than in the Miravalle site. Particularly, the highest enrichment of Cu suggested motor vehicle-related emissions in Centro. The most abundant secondary ionic species (NO 3´; SO 4 2´a nd NH 4 + ) and the ratio NO 3´/ SO 4 2´c orroborated the important impact of mobile sources to fine particles at the sampling sites. In addition, the ion balance indicated that particles collected in Miravalle experienced neutralization processes likely due to a higher contribution of geological material.Other important contributors to PM 2.5 included biomass burning by emissions transported from the forest into the city.

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Section: Potential Sources Of Ionic Species In Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 49%

Potential Sources of Trace Metals and Ionic Species in PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico: A Case Study during Dry Season

et al. 2015

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“…Major inorganic water-soluble ions are associated with the degradation atmospheric visibility (Cheng et al, 2011), adverse human health effects (Karthikeyan et al, 2006) and acidity of precipitation (Kerminen et al, 2001;Soo et al, 2011). Inorganic ions can arise from both natural and anthropogenic sources such as oceans, dust storms, biomass combustion, construction, road traffic, industrial activities or even indoor activities and have been commonly used for the identification of PM sources (Hu et al, 2008;Khan et al, 2010;Deshmukh et al, 2011;Galindo et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-soluble Ions in PM2.5 on the Qianhu Campus of Nanchang University, Nanchang City: Indoor-Outdoor Distribution and Source Implications

Huang

Zou

Cao

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Ambient PM 2.5 was sampled in three indoor environments (a common office, a photocopy room and a student dormitory) and one outdoor environment (a rooftop) on a campus of Nanchang University in Nanchang city, China, on June 5-20, 2009. Analysis by ion chromatograph showed the indoor-outdoor differences and relationships of water-soluble ions. The indooroutdoor distributions indicated that chemicals and household garbage contributed most to the generation of water-soluble ions indoors. The indoor-outdoor relationships of water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 in the common office and student dormitory were unrelated or weak, which indicated that the ions were produced indoors rather than carried in from outdoors. Correlations between various water-soluble ions in indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 are discussed here, and it is suggested that the photocopier machine contributed little to the water-soluble ions indoors. Ion balance calculations indicated that the anions and cations in the photocopy room and outdoor environment shared an origin, but part of the anions and cations in the common office room and student dormitory originated indoors. The linear regression slopes (anion/cation) are all lower than 1, with the anion deficits probably affected by the absence of data on F

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“…This pattern of SO 4 2-appears to be a common trend in many previous studies conducted elsewhere (Khan et al, 2010). This relative sulfate enhancement in summer can be attributed at least partially to such effect as increased photochemical activity (Husain and Dutkiewicz, 1990).…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Pm 25 Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…It is known that nitrate in the atmosphere can result mainly from the atmospheric conversion of nitrogen gases (NO and NO 2 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) (Seinfield and Pandis, 1998). Moreover, the partitioning of inorganic NO 3 -(from HNO 3 and ammonium nitrate) is generally favored in cold weather (Khan et al, 2010). As such, its minimum values are typically observed in summer (Lee et al, 1999).…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of Pm 25 Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation of PM2.5 and Its Major Ionic Components in an Urban Monitoring Site

Ghosh¹,

Zang-Ho²,

Kim³

et al. 2012

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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with the wintertime maximum. In addition, sum concentrations (neq m ) of five cationic species (291) were slightly lower than 3 anionic species (308). Most cations exhibited the highest seasonal values in spring, while anions showed more diversified seasonal patterns. According to PCA, five major source categories were apparent with the relative dominance of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA). The results of our study suggest consistently that the distribution of ionic constituents in an urban area is affected by the combined effects of both natural and anthropogenic processes.

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Characterization of PM2.5, PM2.5–10 and PM>10 in ambient air, Yokohama, Japan

Cited by 152 publications

References 45 publications

Potential Sources of Trace Metals and Ionic Species in PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico: A Case Study during Dry Season

Potential Sources of Trace Metals and Ionic Species in PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico: A Case Study during Dry Season

Water-soluble Ions in PM2.5 on the Qianhu Campus of Nanchang University, Nanchang City: Indoor-Outdoor Distribution and Source Implications

Seasonal Variation of PM2.5 and Its Major Ionic Components in an Urban Monitoring Site

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