Microbiome-host interactions have developed as an interesting field of study, illuminating the intricate the relations among the gut microbiota in addition to the central nervous system. The gut-brain axis, a bidirectional signaling pathway, plays an important function in influencing neurological function and the pathogenesis of various neurological sicknesses. Dysbiosis, An unbalance in the microbial ecology of the gut has been related to neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, mental health disorders, and neuroinflammatory conditions. This review article delves into the complex mechanisms underlying microbiome-host interactions in neurological disorders. It explores that gut microbiome's influence at inflammation plus immune responses, modulation of neurotransmitter systems, as well as the barrier between blood-brain integrity. The findings suggest that alterations may exist within the gut microbe community significantly influence neurological health, prompting the exploration of microbiome-based therapeutic strategies. Prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), diet, and lifestyle interventions have shown promise in modulating the gut microbiome and improving neurological outcomes in preclinical and clinical studies. However, challenges such as microbiome variability, standardization, safety considerations, and the need for mechanistic understanding require further investigation. The implications of this research for future studies are far-reaching. Personalized approaches to microbiome-based therapies, rigorous clinical trials, and identification of microbiome-brain biomarkers offer potential avenues to advance microbiome research into clinical practice. The promising role of microbiome modulation in neurological disorder management challenges conventional paradigms, paving the way for innovative and patient-centered treatments in precision medicine.