Abstract:The sulfides in some different gear steels were analyzed by original position statistic distribution analysis technique. The relationship between the proportion of the frequency of high intensity signals and the content of total sulfur and total oxygen in samples has been investigated. Multi-elemental correlation on high intensity signals has been performed in order to obtain the composition and proportion of different type of sulfides. It was found that the proportion of simple sulfide was more than that of o… Show more
“…The compositions of experimental steel are plotted by different points, listed in Table 1, respectively. By comparing the experimental data of Kimura et al, [49] Inoue et al, [50] Yang et al, [21] Ren et al [51] and Li et al [52] with the calculation results in the present work, it can be seen clearly that the equilibrium relations calculated in the present work show a good agreement with these data, as shown in Figure 8. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the Al–Ca–O–S phase diagram in the present article can be used to evaluate the change process of inclusion effectively. Figure 8. Calculated inclusion stability diagrams in the Al–Ca–O–S system at 1873 K (1600°C) with experimental data (a) [S] = 0 pct, (b) [S] = 0.003 pct and (c) [S] = 0.03 pct.…”
The inclusion evolutions after calcium treatment in Al-killed steel with different sulphur content were determined by chemical experiments and thermodynamics calculations. The results show that the inclusions are calcium aluminate with a little amount of calcium sulphide in low content sulphur steel after calcium treatment. As the sulphur content in steel increases, the typical inclusions generated in steel are layered or homogeneous irregular oxysulphides. A number of pure sulphides can be observed in higher content sulphur steel, and the morphology of sulphides with different CaS/MnS mass ratio has different shape. Thermodynamics calculations of Al-Ca-O-S-Mn system inclusions in steel at 1873 K and during solidification process were comprehensively conducted, considering all types of inclusions. The experimental results are in good agreement with thermodynamic calculations, which can predict the formation of the inclusions in Al-killed steel with different sulphur content.
“…The compositions of experimental steel are plotted by different points, listed in Table 1, respectively. By comparing the experimental data of Kimura et al, [49] Inoue et al, [50] Yang et al, [21] Ren et al [51] and Li et al [52] with the calculation results in the present work, it can be seen clearly that the equilibrium relations calculated in the present work show a good agreement with these data, as shown in Figure 8. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the Al–Ca–O–S phase diagram in the present article can be used to evaluate the change process of inclusion effectively. Figure 8. Calculated inclusion stability diagrams in the Al–Ca–O–S system at 1873 K (1600°C) with experimental data (a) [S] = 0 pct, (b) [S] = 0.003 pct and (c) [S] = 0.03 pct.…”
The inclusion evolutions after calcium treatment in Al-killed steel with different sulphur content were determined by chemical experiments and thermodynamics calculations. The results show that the inclusions are calcium aluminate with a little amount of calcium sulphide in low content sulphur steel after calcium treatment. As the sulphur content in steel increases, the typical inclusions generated in steel are layered or homogeneous irregular oxysulphides. A number of pure sulphides can be observed in higher content sulphur steel, and the morphology of sulphides with different CaS/MnS mass ratio has different shape. Thermodynamics calculations of Al-Ca-O-S-Mn system inclusions in steel at 1873 K and during solidification process were comprehensively conducted, considering all types of inclusions. The experimental results are in good agreement with thermodynamic calculations, which can predict the formation of the inclusions in Al-killed steel with different sulphur content.
“…And the defects such as porosity, segregation and coarse grains decrease, thereby improving the quality of the ingot [1][2][3][4][5]. An original position analysis is a new analytical method to determine chemical composition of materials, segregation, porosity and inclusions [6][7][8][9][10]. There is seldom experimental research about the density and segregation analysis for mold casting by the original position analysis.…”
The effect of steel strip-feeding ratio and superheat degree of molten steel on density and segregation of casting ingot is investigated by an original position analysis. It indicates that under the same degree of superheat condition, with the increase of feeding ratio, the average density of the casting ingot increases and the central segregation of the ingot decreases. Under the same feeding ratio conditions, the density and the central segregation increase with the increase of the degree of superheat.
“…Step model is used along Y-axis with an interval of 2 mm. The parameters of OPA are as fol-lows: Exciting frequency: 500 Hz; exciting capacitance: 7.0 μF; exciting resistance:6.0 Ω; spark gap: 2.0 mm; purity of argon: 99.999%; flux of argon: 80 mL/s; material for electrode: tungsten electrode with 45 corner angle and the diameter of 3 mm [ 24 ]. Through high-speed data acquisition and analysis of the spectral signals generated by spark discharge and continuous scanning excitation, the content and distribution information of elements at different positions in the sample surface can be obtained.…”
The railway wheel is the key component of high-speed railway train. To assure the safety in service, higher requirements are put forward in this study for the composition, microstructure uniformity, and comprehensive properties of wheel materials. In this paper, the high throughput quantitative distribution characterization methods of composition, microstructure, inclusions and Vickers hardness of high-speed railway wheel materials based on the spark source original position analysis technique, high throughput scanning electron microscope (SEM) combined with image batch processing technology, and automatic two-dimensional quantitative distribution analysis technique of inclusions and micro hardness have been studied. The distribution trend of the content of nine elements, size and quantity of sulfides and oxides, ferrite area fraction, and Vickers hardness from the wheel tread surface to the radial depth of about 50 mm below the surface has been discussed. The influence of inclusions distribution on the element segregation and the effect of rim-chilling process with different water spraying angle on the distribution of microstructure and micro hardness have been investigated. It was found that unsynchronized cooling on both sides of the rim altered the phase behavior of ferrite and pearlite and obvious inhomogeneity distribution of ferrite appeared, which led to the asymmetrical Vickers hardness in areas near or away from the flange. Based on the quantitative characterization of area fraction and micro hardness on the same location of wheel rim, a statistical mapping relationship between ferrite area fraction and Vickers hardness was established.
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