Oropharyngeal candidiasis and antifungal assessment of Candida glabrata in patients with HIV infection

Sharifzadeh, Aghil; Shokri, Hojjatollah

doi:10.15547/tjs.2016.01.008

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This difference might be due to the higher prevalence of smoking and alcohol addiction habits among male patients [67, 68]. Among the age groups, the highest prevalence was recorded at the age of 40-49 years (70.4%); this was agreed with Cameron [51] and Iran [52] reports. However, our result disagrees with studies from Brazil [53] and Tanzanian [27] reported the high prevalence of candida species in the age group 30-39 years.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Prevalence, Antifungal Sucseptibility Patterns and Associated Factors of Candidia species among HIV Positive Individuals with Oropharyngeal Infections attending Mekelle Health Facilities of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia

Shukur,

Kahsay,

Abraha

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common opportunistic infection encountered among human immunodeficiency virus infected patients and is considered as an independent predictor of immunodeficiency in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).Though Candida albican is the most frequently isolated species from the oropharyngeal lesions, the change in spectrum of Candida species as causative agent of oropharyngeal candidiasis and increased antifungal drug resistance among HIV infected individuals has made the identification of Candida species and determination of its drug resistance pattern is necessary for the routine patient care. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the the prevalence, antifungal susceptibility pattern and associated factors of Candida species among HIV positive individuals having oropharyngeal legions in Mekelle health Facilities of Tigray, Ethiopia Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 381 HIV positive individuals with oropharyngeal lesion from September 2017 to May 2018 Socio demographic and clinical data and oral swabs were collected from the study participants. Collected swab samples were transported to Microbiology laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle Universityand were cultured on to Sabouraud dextrose agar having chloramphenicol. All the isolates were characterized using germ tube and HiCrome Candida agar tests. The antifungal susceptibility patterns of all Candida species were determined using disk diffusion method and data were analyzed using STATA version 13.0. Result: Among the 381 study participants, the overall Candida species were isolated from 228(59.8%). A total of 240 Candidaspecies were isolated, of which C. albican was the most predominant 151(62.9%). Among the non-albican Candida species, the most predominant species were Candida glabrata 47(19.6%) followed by Candida tropicalis 26 (10.8%) and Candida krusei 16 (6.7%), and majority of theisolates were from HAART naïve 127(52.9%) and those on HAART were 113 (47.1%). Age group 40-49 years (p = 0.019), previous history of antifungal drug treatment (p=0.039), CD4 counts < 200 cells/mm3 (p=0.003), HAART naïve (p=0.000), body mass indices <15.9 kg/m2 (p=0.002), WHO clinical stage III (p=0.023) and TB co- infection (0.041) were found significantly associated with Candida species isolation. Of the isolates, 12.9% and 9.2% of were showed resistance to fluconazole and ketoconazole respectively. Least rate of resistance was found to nystatin, 0.8%. Conclusion: Nearly two-third (37.1%) of the Candida species that cause oropharyngeal legion among HIV positive individuals in the study area was non-candidia albicans. The non-candidia albicans groups showed an increasing resistance to fluconazole and ketoconazole, from the azole antifungal group Therefore, early identification of the etiologic agent and antifungal susceptibility testing for HIV positive patients should be done to improve treatment outcome and prevent the emergence of drug resistant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Prevalence, Antifungal Sucseptibility Patterns and Associated Factors of Candidia species among HIV Positive Individuals with Oropharyngeal Infections attending Mekelle Health Facilities of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia

Shukur,

Kahsay,

Abraha

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Prevalence of these microorganisms in the oral mucosa of patients with HIV/AIDS has been reported elsewhere. ( 18 , 21 , 22 ) C. albicans is the most common species isolated from the oral mucosa of HIV-positive individuals, with prevalence ranging from 70 to 82.1%. ( 23 - 26 ) C. glabrata has emerged as a significant pathogen, particularly in the oral mucosa, either as a co-infecting agent associated with C. albicans or a sole species isolated from oral lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oropharyngeal infections associated with C. glabrata tend to be more severe and refractory to treatment compared to candidiasis caused by C. albicans alone. ( 17 , 21 , 22 , 27 )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral colonization by Candida species in HIV-positive patients: association and antifungal susceptibility study

Goulart

Souza

Vieira

et al. 2018

Einstein (São Paulo)

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Objective To investigate antifungal susceptibility and factors associated with oral colonization by Candida species in HIV-positive patients.Methods A prospective study based on convenience sampling of subjects recruited from a pool of confirmed HIV-positive individuals seen at a specialty outpatient service in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil). Oral swabs were collected from 197 patients. Candida species were identified by standard microbiological techniques (phenotypic and molecular methods). Antifungal susceptibility was investigated using the broth microdilution method.Results A total of 101 (51.3%) patients were Candida spp carriers. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species (80%). Patients aged 45 to 59 years (Prevalence ratios: 1.90; 95%CI: 1.57-6.31) and 60 years or older (Prevalence ratios: 4.43; 95%CI: 1.57-34.18) were at higher risk of oral colonization by Candida species. Resistance to fluconazole and ketoconazole, or to itraconazole, corresponded to 1% and 4%, respectively.Conclusion Age (45 years or older) was the only factor associated with oral colonization by Candida . Low rates of antifungal resistance to azoles were detected in yeast isolates obtained from HIV-positive patients. Findings of this study may contribute to proper therapeutic selection for oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients.

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Influence of menthol on biofilm formation, ergosterol content, and cell surface hydrophobicity ofCandida glabrata

Hajigholamreza,

Sharifzadeh,

Hassan

et al. 2023

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Resistance to synthetic antifungals has become one of the leading public health challenges around the world. Accordingly, novel antifungal products like naturally occurring molecules can be one of the potential ways to reach efficient curative approaches to control candidiasis. This work evaluated the effect of menthol on cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), biofilm formation, growth and ergosterol content of Candida glabrata (C. glabrata), a yeast with a high resistance against antifungal agents. Disc diffusion method (susceptibility to synthetic antifungals), broth micro-dilution method (Susceptibility to menthol), MTT reduction assay (biofilm formation), HPLC technique (ergosterol content) and adherence to n-hexadecane (CSH) were employed to determine the influence of menthol against C. glabrata isolates. The MIC range of menthol versus C. glabrata was 1250–5000 µg/mL (mean ± SD: 3375 ± 1375 µg/mL). The mean rate of C. glabrata biofilm formation was decreased up to 97.67, 81.15, 71.21, 63.72, 47.53, 26.31 and 0.051% at 625, 1250, 2500, 5000, 10 000, 20 000 and 40 000 µg/mL concentrations, respectively. The percentages of CSH were significantly in groups treated with MIC/2 (17.51 ± 5.52%) and MIC/4 (26 ± 5.87%) concentrations of menthol. Also, the percentage changes in membrane ergosterol were 15.97, 45.34 and 73.40% at 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL concentrations of menthol, respectively, in comparison with untreated control. The results showed the menthol impact versus sessile and planktonic C. glabrata cells, and the interference with ergosterol content, CSH, and biofilm formation, which made it a potent natural antifungal.

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Oropharyngeal candidiasis and antifungal assessment of Candida glabrata in patients with HIV infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence, Antifungal Sucseptibility Patterns and Associated Factors of Candidia species among HIV Positive Individuals with Oropharyngeal Infections attending Mekelle Health Facilities of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia

Prevalence, Antifungal Sucseptibility Patterns and Associated Factors of Candidia species among HIV Positive Individuals with Oropharyngeal Infections attending Mekelle Health Facilities of Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia

Oral colonization by Candida species in HIV-positive patients: association and antifungal susceptibility study

Influence of menthol on biofilm formation, ergosterol content, and cell surface hydrophobicity ofCandida glabrata

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