Orthographic and phonological priming effects in the same–different task.

Kinoshita, Sachiko; Gayed, Michael; Norris, Dennis

doi:10.1037/xhp0000548

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…For cases of skips readers would use this information parafoveally when fixating word n. When word n+1 is later fixated during the rightward pass, this information would aid subsequent encoding as letter the nodes necessary for encoding remain active and enable the reader to quickly move on to a later point in word recognition. These facilitative effects parallel those reported in the masked priming paradigm where orthographically related primes facilitate the identification of target words (for a discussion see Kinoshita, Gayed, & Norris, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Undersweep fixations during reading in adults and children

Parker

Kirkby

Slattery

2020

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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Return-sweeps take a reader's fixation from the end of one line to the start of the next.Return-sweeps frequently undershoot their target and are followed by a corrective saccade towards the left margin. The pauses prior to correctives saccades are typically considered to be uninvolved in linguistic processing. However, recent findings indicate that these undersweep-fixations influence skilled adult reader's subsequent reading pass across the line and provide preview of line-initial words. This research examined these effects in children.First, a children's reading corpus analysis revealed that words receiving an undersweepfixation were more likely skipped and received shorter gaze durations during a subsequent pass. Second, a novel eye movement experiment which directly compared adults' and children's eye movements indicated that, during an undersweep-fixation, readers very briefly allocate their attention to the fixated word-as indicated by inhibition of return effects during a subsequent pass-prior to deploying attention towards the line-initial word. We argue that, prior to the redeployment of attention, readers extract information at the point of fixation that facilitates later encoding and saccade targeting. Given similar patterns of results for adults and children, we conclude that the mechanisms controlling for oculomotor coordination and attention necessary for reading across line boundaries are established from a very early point in reading development.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Undersweep fixations during reading in adults and children

Parker

Kirkby

Slattery

2020

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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“…Thus, lexical decisions about Arabic or Hebrew letter strings are influenced by the dense orthography and the rigid letter‐position coding that supports morphological decomposition and processing. In contrast, because the word‐matching task only requires participants to indicate whether or not a target word matches some reference word, the task can be performed using pre‐lexical (abstract) letter codes as the basis of comparison (e.g., Kinoshita, Gayed, & Norris, 2018; Kinoshita & Norris, 2009), so that task performance is unaffected by the properties of the Arabic or Hebrew lexicons. By this account, primes containing TL‐root letters should produce the priming benefits reported in languages with non‐Semitic morphology.…”

Section: The Arabic Language and Writing Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights from the study of Arabic reading

Hermena¹,

Reichle

2020

Language and Linguist. Compass

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Current reading models were largely designed to explain findings from experiments of the reading of English and other European languages (Reichle, 2020, Computational models of reading: A handbook). Recent evidence from studies of other languages and writing systems (e.g., Chinese) has demonstrated the need to critically evaluate the assumptions of these models, and whether they are sufficient to explain the full range of findings related to reading, as required, for example, to understand the universal and specific cognitive principles that support reading. In this article, we review the recent behavioural and cognitive-neuroscience research on the reading of Arabic, a world language that until recently has received scant attention despite the fact that its writing system poses fundamental challenges for current models of reading. We also highlight the points of convergence and difference between what has been learned about the reading of Arabic and the reading of another, more widely studied Semitic language, Hebrew. We then discuss the theoretical implications of these findings for existing models of reading. 1 | INTRODUCTION Computational models of reading have been primarily designed to explain empirical findings obtained from studying the reading of English and other European languages (Rayner &

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“…This experiment also serves to validate our stimuli. We then use these stimuli in the same–different match task, in which the orthographic priming effects have been shown to operate at the level of prelexical orthographic representations consisting of abstract letter identities (Kinoshita & Norris, 2009; Kinoshita, Gayed, & Norris, 2018), and to be insensitive to morphological structure in European languages written in the Roman alphabet (Duñabeitia, Kinoshita, Carreiras, & Norris, 2011). Specifically, we focus on the orthographic system of Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), with its unique characteristics, to investigate whether the TL priming effect, which has been used as the main marker of letter order coding flexibility, is modulated by allographic variation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transposed letter priming effects and allographic variation in Arabic: Insights from lexical decision and the same–different task.

Boudelaa¹,

Norris²,

Mahfoudhi³

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Reading is resilient to distortion of letter order within a word. This is evidenced in the “transposed-letter (TL) priming effect,” the finding that a prime generated by transposing adjacent letters in a word (e.g., jugde) facilitates recognition of the base word (e.g., JUDGE), more than a “substituted-letter” control prime in which the transposed letters are replaced by unrelated letters (e.g., junpe -JUDGE). The TL priming effect is well documented for European languages that are written using the Roman alphabet. Unlike these languages, Arabic has a unique position-dependent allography whereby some letters change shape according to their position within a word. We investigate the TL priming effect using a lexical decision (Experiment 1) and a same–different match task with Arabic words (Experiment 2) and nonwords (Experiment 3). No TL priming effects were found in Experiment 1, suggesting that the lexical-decision task engages lexical access processes that are sensitive to the Semitic nonlinear morphological structure. Experiments 2 and 3 revealed a robust TL priming effect overall. Nonallographic TL primes produced significantly larger facilitation than allographic TL primes, indicating that Arabic readers use allographic variation to resolve the uncertainty in letter order during the early stages of orthographic processing. The implication of these results for current letter position coding models is discussed.

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Orthographic and phonological priming effects in the same–different task.

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

Undersweep fixations during reading in adults and children

Undersweep fixations during reading in adults and children

Insights from the study of Arabic reading

Transposed letter priming effects and allographic variation in Arabic: Insights from lexical decision and the same–different task.

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