Orthopox Viruses: Infections in Humans

Pauli, Georg; Blümel, Johannes; Bürger, Reinhard; Drosten, Christian; Gröner, Albrecht; Gürtler, Lutz; Heiden, M.; Hildebrandt, Martin; Jansen, B.; Montag-Lessing, Thomas; Offergeld, Ruth; Seitz, Rainer; Schlenkrich, Uwe; Schottstedt, Volkmar; Strobel, Johanna; Willkommen, Hannelore; König, Carl-Heinz Wirsing von

doi:10.1159/000322101

Cited by 80 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…Overall, despite what has been declared in the label, genome sequences of MVA, and not CMLV, were detected in a commercially available CMLV vaccine. However, it is also important to underline that, because all OPXVs are antigenically related, immunization with nearly any OPXV can protect against challenge with other OPXVs [ 25 ]. In fact, in the field, this Ducapox vaccine, containing MVA in place of CMLV, has been proven to be capable of protecting animals against CMLV field infection [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequencing of a Camelpox Vaccine Reveals Close Similarity to Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)

Marcacci

Khalafalla

Hammadi

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Camelpox is a viral contagious disease of Old-World camelids sustained by Camelpox virus (CMLV). The disease is characterized by mild, local skin or severe systemic infections and may have a major economic impact due to significant losses in terms of morbidity and mortality, weight loss, and low milk yield. Prevention of camelpox is performed by vaccination. In this study, we investigated the composition of a CMLV-based, live-attenuated commercial vaccine using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The results of this analysis revealed genomic sequences of Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequencing of a Camelpox Vaccine Reveals Close Similarity to Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)

Marcacci

Khalafalla

Hammadi

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Altered protein amounts may be regulated on transcription or translation level or by protein stability. Poxviruses encode their own transcription machinery [ 81 ]. As genomic changes were mainly detected in transcription-related genes, it may be hypothesized that proteomic changes are regulated on the transcription level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Proteomics/Genomics Approach Reveals Proteomic Changes of Mature Virions as a Novel Poxvirus Adaptation Mechanism

Grossegesse

Doellinger

Tyshaieva

et al. 2017

Viruses

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DNA viruses, like poxviruses, possess a highly stable genome, suggesting that adaptation of virus particles to specific cell types is not restricted to genomic changes. Cowpox viruses are zoonotic poxviruses with an extraordinarily broad host range, demonstrating their adaptive potential in vivo. To elucidate adaptation mechanisms of poxviruses, we isolated cowpox virus particles from a rat and passaged them five times in a human and a rat cell line. Subsequently, we analyzed the proteome and genome of the non-passaged virions and each passage. While the overall viral genome sequence was stable during passaging, proteomics revealed multiple changes in the virion composition. Interestingly, an increased viral fitness in human cells was observed in the presence of increased immunomodulatory protein amounts. As the only minor variant with increasing frequency during passaging was located in a viral RNA polymerase subunit and, moreover, most minor variants were found in transcription-associated genes, protein amounts were presumably regulated at transcription level. This study is the first comparative proteome analysis of virus particles before and after cell culture propagation, revealing proteomic changes as a novel poxvirus adaptation mechanism.

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“…Other OPXVs can infect humans including vaccinia virus (VACV) deployed as the smallpox vaccine and both cowpox virus (CPXV) and monkeypox virus (MPXV), which cause zoonoses. Host range can be broad as in the case of CPXV, which infects voles, mice, cats, elephants and humans, or very limited as for VARV in humans, camelpox virus in camels and ectromelia virus (ECTV) in mice (Damon, 2013; Pauli et al, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A homolog of the variola virus B22 membrane protein contributes to ectromelia virus pathogenicity in the mouse footpad model

et al. 2017

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Most poxviruses encode a homolog of ~200,000-kDa membrane protein originally identified in variola virus. We investigated the importance of the ectromelia virus (ECTV) homolog C15 in a natural infection model. In cultured mouse cells, the replication of a mutant virus with stop codons near the N-terminus (ECTV-C15Stop) was indistinguishable from a control virus (ECTV-C15Rev). However, for a range of doses injected into the footpads of BALB/c mice there was less mortality with the mutant. Similar virus loads were present at the site of infection with mutant or control virus whereas there was less ECTV-C15Stop in popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes, spleen and liver indicating decreased virus spread and replication. The latter results were supported by immunohistochemical analyses. Decreased spread was evidently due to immune modulatory activity of C15, rather than to an intrinsic viral function, as the survival of infected mice depended on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

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Orthopox Viruses: Infections in Humans

Cited by 80 publications

References 106 publications

Genome Sequencing of a Camelpox Vaccine Reveals Close Similarity to Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)

Genome Sequencing of a Camelpox Vaccine Reveals Close Similarity to Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)

Combined Proteomics/Genomics Approach Reveals Proteomic Changes of Mature Virions as a Novel Poxvirus Adaptation Mechanism

A homolog of the variola virus B22 membrane protein contributes to ectromelia virus pathogenicity in the mouse footpad model

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