Osmolyte Dynamics

Sharma, Resham; Bhardwaj, Renu; Thukral, Ashwani Kumar; Handa, Neha; Kaur, Ravdeep; Kumar, Vinod

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800875-1.00017-x

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…In mammalian cells, mannose is an essential component of N-glycan, glycophospholipid, and glycoprotein [ 35 , 36 ]. The biosynthesis of N-glycan requires phosphorylated mannose 6-phosphate and mannose 1-phosphate that can be converted from fructose, fructose 6-phosphate, glucose, and glucose 6-phosphate via the mannose metabolic pathway [ 37 , 38 ]. Mannose per se can also enter the mannose metabolic pathway to produce N-glycan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Profile of Weaned Pigs Challenged with E. coli and Supplemented with Carbadox or Bacillus subtilis

Liu

2021

Metabolites

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This study explored the metabolomic profiles in ileal mucosa and colon digesta in response to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18 (ETEC) infection and dietary use of probiotics and low-dose antibiotics. Weaned pigs (n = 48, 6.17 ± 0.36 kg body weight) were randomly allotted to one of four treatments. Pigs in the negative control (NC) were fed a basal diet without ETEC challenge, whereas pigs in the positive control (PC), antibiotic, and probiotic groups were fed the basal diet, basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg of carbadox, or 500 mg/kg of Bacillus subtilis, respectively, and orally challenged with ETEC F18. All pigs were euthanized at day 21 post-inoculation to collect ileal mucosa and colon digesta for untargeted metabolomic profiling using gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Multivariate analysis highlighted a more distinct metabolomic profile of ileal mucosa metabolites in NC compared to the ETEC-challenged groups. The relative abundance of 19 metabolites from the ileal mucosa including polyamine, nucleotide, monosaccharides, fatty acids, and organic acids was significantly different between the NC and PC groups (q < 0.1). In colon digesta, differential metabolites including 2-monoolein, lactic acid, and maltose were reduced in the carbadox group compared with the probiotics group. In conclusion, several differential metabolites and metabolic pathways were identified in ileal mucosa, which may suggest an ongoing intestinal mucosal repair in the ileum of ETEC-challenged pigs on day 21 post-inoculation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic Profile of Weaned Pigs Challenged with E. coli and Supplemented with Carbadox or Bacillus subtilis

Liu

2021

Metabolites

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“…Osmoprotectants act against the damage caused to the plant’s cellular machinery in response to a stressful environment, protecting the plant ( Sharma et al., 2014 ). They are organic, highly soluble, low molecular weight, electrically neutral, and nontoxic compounds, usually classified into three main groups: a) betaine and associated molecules, b) sugars and polyols, and c) amino acids ( Saibi et al., 2020 ; Zulfiqar et al., 2020 ; Omari Alzahrani, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are organic, highly soluble, low molecular weight, electrically neutral, and nontoxic compounds, usually classified into three main groups: a) betaine and associated molecules, b) sugars and polyols, and c) amino acids ( Saibi et al., 2020 ; Zulfiqar et al., 2020 ; Omari Alzahrani, 2021 ). Membrane integrity strengthening, enzymatic/antioxidant activity balancing, and water adjustments are physiological responses linked to osmoprotectants’ action in plants submitted to abiotic stresses, including water deficit and salinity ( Sharma et al., 2014 ; Saibi et al., 2020 ). Different strategies exist to increase salt tolerance in distinct plant species; the exogenous application of osmoprotectants and enzyme engineering are two examples ( Omari Alzahrani, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osmoprotectants play a major role in the Portulaca oleracea resistance to high levels of salinity stress—insights from a metabolomics and proteomics integrated approach

et al. 2023

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IntroductionPurslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a non-conventional food plant used extensively in folk medicine and classified as a multipurpose plant species, serving as a source of features of direct importance to the agricultural and agri-industrial sectors. This species is considered a suitable model to study the mechanisms behind resistance to several abiotic stresses including salinity. The recently achieved technological developments in high-throughput biology opened a new window of opportunity to gain additional insights on purslane resistance to salinity stress—a complex, multigenic, and still not well-understood trait. Only a few reports on single-omics analysis (SOA) of purslane are available, and only one multi-omics integration (MOI) analysis exists so far integrating distinct omics platforms (transcriptomics and metabolomics) to characterize the response of purslane plants to salinity stress.MethodsThe present study is a second step in building a robust database on the morpho-physiological and molecular responses purslane to salinity stress and its subsequent use in attempting to decode the genetics behind its resistance to this abiotic stress. Here, the characterization of the morpho-physiological responses of adult purslane plants to salinity stress and a metabolomics and proteomics integrative approach to study the changes at the molecular level in their leaves and roots is presented.Results and discussionAdult plants of the B1 purslane accession lost approximately 50% of the fresh and dry weight (from shoots and roots) whensubmitted to very high salinity stress (2.0 g of NaCl/100 g of the substrate). The resistance to very high levels of salinity stress increases as the purslane plant matures, and most of the absorbed sodium remains in the roots, with only a part (~12%) reaching the shoots. Crystal-like structures, constituted mainly by Na+, Cl−, and K+, were found in the leaf veins and intercellular space near the stoma, indicating that this species has a mechanism of salt exclusion operating on the leaves, which has its role in salt tolerance. The MOI approach showed that 41 metabolites were statistically significant on the leaves and 65 metabolites on the roots of adult purslane plants. The combination of the mummichog algorithm and metabolomics database comparison revealed that the glycine, serine, and threonine, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways were the most significantly enriched pathways when considering the total number of occurrences in the leaves (with 14, 13, and 13, respectively) and roots (all with eight) of adult plants; and that purslane plants employ the adaptive mechanism of osmoprotection to mitigate the negative effect of very high levels of salinity stress; and that this mechanism is prevalent in the leaves. The multi-omics database built by our group underwent a screen for salt-responsive genes, which are now under further characterization for their potential to promote resistance to salinity stress when heterologously overexpressed in salt-sensitive plants.

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“…Endogenous sorbitol has been correlated with plant tolerance to drought and/or salinity, being included in the list of polyols with osmoprotectant functions ( Bohnert et al., 1995 ; Singh et al., 2015 ; Di Stasio et al., 2018 ), and the effects of exogenous sorbitol and other osmolytes strongly depend on the dose, mode of applications, and the presence or absence of abiotic stresses ( Hasanuzzaman et al., 2019 ). Glycerol is another efficient plasticizer, and an osmolyte, better known as highly accumulating in algae under stress conditions ( Sharma et al., 2014 ; Raymond et al., 2020 ). It is less studied as an osmolyte in plants, as only trace amounts were detected in higher plants ( Gerber et al., 1988 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, sorbitol, in particular, and also glycerol can function endogenously as osmoprotectants in plants and algae, and when exogenously added at adequate doses, they can have beneficial effects ( Sharma et al., 2014 ; Hasanuzzaman et al., 2019 ). They have been also used for osmopriming of seeds ( Melekote Nagabhushan et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic insights into the plant biostimulant activity of a novel formulation based on rice husk nanobiosilica embedded in a seed coating alginate film

Tritean,

Trică,

Dima

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Seed coating ensures the targeted delivery of various compounds from the early stages of development to increase crop quality and yield. Silicon and alginate are known to have plant biostimulant effects. Rice husk (RH) is a significant source of biosilica. In this study, we coated mung bean seeds with an alginate–glycerol–sorbitol (AGS) film with embedded biogenic nanosilica (SiNPs) from RH, with significant plant biostimulant activity. After dilute acid hydrolysis of ground RH in a temperature-controlled hermetic reactor, the resulting RH substrate was neutralized and calcined at 650°C. The structural and compositional characteristics of the native RH, the intermediate substrate, and SiNPs, as well as the release of soluble Si from SiNPs, were investigated. The film for seed coating was optimized using a mixture design with three factors. The physiological properties were assessed in the absence and the presence of 50 mM salt added from the beginning. The main parameters investigated were the growth, development, metabolic activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and the Si content of seedlings. The results evidenced a homogeneous AGS film formation embedding 50-nm amorphous SiNPs having Si–O–Si and Si–OH bonds, 0.347 cm3/g CPV (cumulative pore volume), and 240 m2/g SSA (specific surface area). The coating film has remarkable properties of enhancing the metabolic, proton pump activities and ROS scavenging of mung seedlings under salt stress. The study shows that the RH biogenic SiNPs can be efficiently applied, together with the optimized, beneficial alginate-based film, as plant biostimulants that alleviate saline stress from the first stages of plant development.

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Osmolyte Dynamics

Cited by 13 publications

References 162 publications

Metabolomic Profile of Weaned Pigs Challenged with E. coli and Supplemented with Carbadox or Bacillus subtilis

Metabolomic Profile of Weaned Pigs Challenged with E. coli and Supplemented with Carbadox or Bacillus subtilis

Osmoprotectants play a major role in the Portulaca oleracea resistance to high levels of salinity stress—insights from a metabolomics and proteomics integrated approach

Mechanistic insights into the plant biostimulant activity of a novel formulation based on rice husk nanobiosilica embedded in a seed coating alginate film

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