Osteoarthritis year in review 2015: soluble biomarkers and the BIPED criteria

Abstract

Biomarkers of joint tissue turnover, cytokines, chemokines and peptide arrays were measured in different cohorts and studies. Amongst those were previously tested biomarkers such as osteocalcin, Carboxy-terminal cross-linked fragment of type II collagen (CTX-II) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). A majority of the biomarker were classified as I, B or B biomarkers according to the BIPED criteria. Work is continuing on testing biomarkers in OA. There is still a huge, unmet medical need to identify, test, validate and qualify novel and well-known biomarkers. A pre-requisite for this is better characterization and classification of biomarkers to their needs, which may not be reached before higher understanding of OA phenotypes has been gained. In addition, we provide some references to some recent guidelines from Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) on qualification and usage of biomarkers for drug development and personalized medicine, which may provide value to the field.

Association between Wnt inhibitory factor-1 expression levels in articular cartilage and the disease severity of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

“…OA imposes a substantial burden of disease at the global, regional and individual levels, and this is likely to increase with time due to an aging world population with increasing rates of obesity (3)(4)(5). Although previous clinical studies on OA have been performed, the etiology of this disease is yet to be elucidated (6). Several biochemical and biomechanical factors are attributable to the pathogenesis of OA.…”

The Role of Sirtuins in Cartilage Homeostasis and Osteoarthritis

“…It is thus envisioned that a new generation of drugs could fill this gap and significantly slow down the disease process, as well as providing symptomatic relief, addressing the dual need for symptom and structure modification. Drugs for OA are divided into two classes: symptom modifying osteoarthritis drugs (SMOADs), which involves the treatment of disease after its onset, and disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) involves the study of the prodrome (early symptom or set of symptoms) of disease, its management, and its detection by biological markers and radiological or other bio-imaging tools for the diagnosis and complementary treatment of OA and related arthritic diseases [5,72,73]. DMOADs are designed to impact the various anabolic/catabolic and pathogenesisrelated processes leading to loss of structure with cartilage as the usual target [74].…”

“…The pace of disease progression depends on many factors, including genetic predisposition, obesity, frequency and duration of physical activities (or a sedentary lifestyle), health status, and age. Although several key factors contribute to OA pathophysiology This article is part of the Topical Collection on Osteoarthritis [4], there is yet no effective therapeutic strategy to prevent cartilage destruction, nor are there any effective means to assess the pathophysiological state of cartilage and disease severity [5].…”

Establishing a live cartilage-on-cartilage interface for tribological testing

“…osteoarthritis), cleavage of the aggrecan core protein is a common observation. Utilizing aggrecan fragments based on enzymatic degradation (such as by the ADAMTS family) as markers of wear would be a more clinically relevant biomarker than GAG release, as suggested by individual clinical studies[52,53,71] and larger biomarker reviews[72]. Both AHP0022[52,53] and anti-AGEG[71] have been evaluated as potential OA biomarkers in patient studies.…”